Dickhuth H H, Reindell H, Lehmann M, Keul J
Z Kardiol. 1985;74 Suppl 7:135-43.
Dynamic exercise leads to an increase in heart size and to hypertrophy depending on the intensity and extent of training. The maximum of left ventricular muscle mass is reached at 3.5 g/kg, which is 70-80% higher compared to untrained subjects. The mass/volume ratio remains constant (left ventricle 1.0-1.2 g/ml). Systolic wall stress and ejection fraction of the enlarged left ventricle do not change. No heart hypertrophy can be found in athletes carrying out maximum static exercise. Heart size and heart hypertrophy regress when training stops completely. The velocity of regression is not exactly known, a maximum regression of 10-15% within three weeks is probable. Investigations of former athletes show a decrease of heart size and heart hypertrophy, especially when related to body weight. The degree of regression depends on the actual physical activity; another factor may be the duration of the competition activity. It is supposed that only a small degree of training prevents the decrease of heart enlargement, heart hypertrophy and higher performance ability. Damage to the cardiovascular system caused by maximum exercise training cannot be found.
动态运动根据训练的强度和程度会导致心脏大小增加和心肌肥厚。左心室肌肉质量的最大值在3.5克/千克时达到，与未训练的受试者相比高出70 - 80%。质量/体积比保持恒定（左心室为1.0 - 1.2克/毫升）。扩大的左心室的收缩期壁应力和射血分数不变。进行最大强度静力运动的运动员未发现心脏肥厚。当训练完全停止时，心脏大小和心脏肥厚会消退。消退速度尚不完全清楚，三周内最大消退10 - 15%是有可能的。对退役运动员的调查显示心脏大小和心脏肥厚减小，尤其是与体重相关时。消退程度取决于实际的身体活动；另一个因素可能是竞技活动的持续时间。据推测，只有少量训练可防止心脏扩大、心脏肥厚和更高运动能力的下降。未发现最大强度运动训练对心血管系统造成损害。
