Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Frescati Hagväg 9A 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Neuroscience. 2018 Mar 1;373:199-206. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.025. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether repetitive aversive odor conditioning induced changes at the level of the peripheral olfactory system in humans. A total of 51 volunteers participated. A pair of indistinguishable odor enantiomers [(+)-rose oxide and (-)-rose oxide] were used as stimuli. During the pre-conditioning, participants' ability to discriminate between the two odors was assessed using a three-alternative, forced-choice discrimination test. In addition, electro-olfactograms (EOG) from the olfactory epithelium were recorded. Participants underwent three conditioning sessions on consecutive days. The experimental group received an electrical stimulus to the forearm only following (+)-rose oxide presentation, whereas its enantiomer sibling was never paired with the aversive stimulus; the control group did not receive any electrical stimulation. During the post-conditioning session, their ability to discriminate the two enantiomers was assessed again using the discrimination test and EOG recordings were obtained similarly to the pre-conditioning session. Results showed significant differences in the peripheral electrophysiological responses between the conditioned and the unconditioned stimulus, demonstrating contextually induced changes at the level of the first neuron in the olfactory system.
本研究旨在探讨重复性厌恶气味条件作用是否会引起人类外周嗅觉系统水平的变化。共有 51 名志愿者参与了这项研究。使用一对不可区分的气味对映体[(+)-玫瑰氧化物和(-)-玫瑰氧化物]作为刺激物。在预条件作用阶段，参与者使用三选一强制选择辨别测试来评估他们辨别两种气味的能力。此外，还记录了嗅觉上皮的电嗅图(EOG)。参与者在连续三天内接受了三次条件作用。实验组仅在呈现(+)-玫瑰氧化物后接受前臂的电刺激，而其对映体兄弟从未与厌恶刺激配对；对照组没有接受任何电刺激。在条件作用后阶段，他们再次使用辨别测试评估辨别两种对映体的能力，并类似于预条件作用阶段获得 EOG 记录。结果表明，在条件刺激和未条件刺激之间，外周电生理反应存在显著差异，这表明在嗅觉系统的第一神经元水平上存在上下文诱导的变化。
