Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea.
BMB Rep. 2018 Mar;51(3):143-150. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2018.51.3.017.
The Hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in adult tissue homeostasis and organ size control. Abnormal regulation of Hippo signaling can be a cause for multiple types of human cancers. Since the awareness of the importance of the Hippo signaling in a wide range of biological fields has been continually grown, it is also understood that a thorough and well-rounded comprehension of the precise dynamics could provide fundamental insights for therapeutic applications. Several components in the Hippo signaling pathway are known to be targeted for proteasomal degradation via ubiquitination by E3 ligases. β-TrCP is a well-known E3 ligase of YAP/TAZ, which leads to the reduction of YAP/TAZ levels. The Hippo signaling pathway can also be inhibited by the E3 ligases (such as ITCH) which target LATS1/2 for degradation. Regulation via ubiquitination involves not only complex network of E3 ligases but also deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from its targets. Interestingly, non-degradative ubiquitin modifications are also known to play important roles in the regulation of Hippo signaling. Although there has been much advanced progress in the investigation of ubiquitin modifications acting as regulators of the Hippo signaling pathway, research done to date still remains inadequate due to the sheer complexity and diversity of the subject. Herein, we review and discuss recent developments that implicate ubiquitin-mediated regulatory mechanisms at multiple steps of the Hippo signaling pathway. [BMB Reports 2018; 51(3): 143-150].
Hippo 信号通路在成人组织稳态和器官大小控制中发挥着重要作用。Hippo 信号的异常调节可能是多种人类癌症的原因。由于人们对 Hippo 信号在广泛的生物学领域中的重要性的认识不断提高,人们也理解到对精确动力学的全面深入理解可以为治疗应用提供基础见解。已知 Hippo 信号通路中的几个成分可通过 E3 连接酶的泛素化靶向蛋白酶体降解。β-TrCP 是 YAP/TAZ 的一种众所周知的 E3 连接酶,它导致 YAP/TAZ 水平降低。Hippo 信号通路也可以被 E3 连接酶(如 ITCH)抑制,这些 E3 连接酶可靶向 LATS1/2 进行降解。泛素化调节不仅涉及 E3 连接酶的复杂网络,还涉及去泛素化酶(DUBs),它们从靶标上去除泛素。有趣的是,非降解性泛素修饰也被认为在 Hippo 信号的调节中发挥着重要作用。尽管在研究作为 Hippo 信号通路调节剂的泛素修饰方面已经取得了很大的进展,但由于该主题的复杂性和多样性,迄今为止的研究仍然不足。在此,我们回顾和讨论了最近的发展,这些发展暗示了泛素介导的 Hippo 信号通路多个步骤的调节机制。[BMB 报告 2018;51(3): 143-150]。