Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, United States.
Department of Medical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, United States.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2018 Feb 1;125:132-142. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.013. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Methods enabling the isolation, detection, and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood have clear potential to facilitate precision medicine approaches in patients with cancer, not only for prognostic purposes but also for prediction of the benefits of specific therapies in oncology. However, current CTC assays, which capture CTCs based on expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), fail to capture cells from de-differentiated tumors and carcinomas undergoing loss of the epithelial phenotype during the invasion/metastatic process. To address this limitation, many groups are developing non-EpCAM based CTC assays that incorporate nanotechnology to improve test sensitivity for rare but important cells that may otherwise go undetected, and therefore may improve upon clinical utility. In this review, we outline emerging non-EpCAM based CTC assays utilizing nanotechnology approaches for CTC capture or characterization, including dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, negative selection chip or software-based on-slide methods, and nano-scale substrates. In addition, we address challenges that remain for the clinical translation of these platforms.
方法使隔离，检测，并鉴定循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）在血液中有明确的潜力，以促进精准医学的方法在癌症患者，不仅为预后目的，而且预测的好处的具体疗法在肿瘤学。然而，目前的 CTC 检测，基于上皮细胞黏附分子（EpCAM）的表达捕获 CTCs，未能捕获从去分化肿瘤细胞和癌上皮表型丢失过程中发生侵袭/转移。为了解决这个限制，许多研究小组正在开发非-EpCAM 基于 CTC 检测，结合纳米技术来提高测试灵敏度的罕见但重要的细胞，否则可能无法检测到，因此可能改善临床应用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了新兴的非-EpCAM 基于 CTC 检测利用纳米技术的方法用于 CTC 捕获或表征，包括树枝状聚合物，磁性纳米粒子，金纳米粒子，负选择芯片或软件为基础的载玻片的方法，和纳米级衬底。此外，我们解决的挑战仍然存在的临床转化这些平台。
