Rediscovery of the Testate Amoeba Genus Penardeugenia (Thaumatomonadida, Imbricatea).

The genus Penardeugenia DEFLANDRE 1958 accommodates a single species which was described as Pamphagus bathybioticus PENARD 1904. Although this species seems to be well characterized in its description, it has never been recorded again. Despite its possession of silica scales, it was assigned to the scale-lacking Chlamydophryidae (Thecofilosea, Cercozoa). We here present morphological data of three isolates. One of them was successfully cultured and enabled the amplification of its SSU rDNA sequence. Molecular analyses revealed the evolutionary origin of Penardeugenia in the scale-bearing flagellate class Thaumatomonadida, which is backed up by morphological similarities of their scales. We consider Penardeugenia to represent a closely related genus to Thaumatomastix, which apparently lost its ability to form flagella. We describe two new species from Germany, P. huelsmannii and P. hausmannii.