Simonsen Kirsten Wiese, Linnet Kristian, Rasmussen Brian Schou
a Section of Forensic Chemistry, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2018 Jul 4;19(5):468-475. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1428743.
The objective of this study was to examine the frequency of psychoactive drugs and alcohol in drivers under suspicion of driving under the influence of drugs and alcohol in 2015 and 2016 in the eastern part of Denmark. The trends in the number of traffic cases sent for drug analysis since 2000 and alcohol analysis since 2011 are also discussed.
Blood samples from drivers suspected of being under the influence of alcohol and/or medication and/or illicit drugs in 2015 and 2016 were investigated as requested by the police. The blood samples were screened for alcohol and/or tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone, for other drugs (covering all drugs, except THC, listed in the Danish list of narcotic drugs), or for THC and other drugs. Age and gender were also recorded. The number of drug traffic cases since 2000 and the number of alcohol cases since 2011 were extracted from our Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).
In total, 11,493 traffic cases were investigated. Alcohol and/or drugs exceeded the legal limit in 9,657 (84%) cases. Men constituted 95% of the drivers investigated for drugs and 88% of the alcohol cases. The drivers investigated for drugs consisted primarily of young men, whereas drivers investigated for alcohol were older. The frequency was higher for positive alcohol cases above the legal limit (87%) than for drug cases (76%) above the fixed concentration limit. THC (67-69%) was the most frequently detected drug above the legal limit, followed by cocaine (27-28.5%), amphetamine (17%), and clonazepam (6-7%) in both years. Morphine (5.4%), included among the 5 most frequent drugs in 2015, was replaced by methadone (4.6%) in 2016. Few new psychoactive drugs (NPS) were detected. The number of traffic cases sent for drug analysis has increased more than 30-fold since 2000-2006, and the number of traffic cases submitted in 2016 for drug analysis was higher than the number for alcohol analysis; the latter has decreased since 2011.
Overall, alcohol was the most frequent compound detected above the legal limit in both years, followed by the well-known illicit drugs THC, cocaine, and amphetamine. NPS were seldom seen. One consequence of the increased focus on drugs in traffic has been an immense increase in drug traffic cases sent for analysis since 2006 in the eastern part of Denmark. Although this survey revealed only minimal changes compared to earlier investigations, surveys like this are invaluable for monitoring abuse patterns and trends in drugged and drunken driving.
本研究的目的是调查2015年和2016年丹麦东部涉嫌药物和酒精影响驾驶的司机中精神活性药物和酒精的使用频率。还讨论了自2000年以来送交药物分析的交通案件数量以及自2011年以来送交酒精分析的交通案件数量的趋势。
应警方要求，对2015年和2016年涉嫌受酒精和/或药物和/或非法药物影响的司机的血样进行了调查。血样仅筛查酒精和/或四氢大麻酚（THC）、其他药物（涵盖丹麦麻醉药品清单中列出的除THC以外的所有药物）或THC和其他药物。还记录了年龄和性别。自2000年以来的药物交通案件数量和自2011年以来的酒精案件数量从我们的实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）中提取。
总共调查了11493起交通案件。9657起（84%）案件中酒精和/或药物超过法定限量。在接受药物调查的司机中，男性占95%，在酒精案件中占88%。接受药物调查的司机主要是年轻男性，而接受酒精调查的司机年龄较大。法定限量以上酒精阳性案件的频率（87%）高于固定浓度限量以上药物案件的频率（76%）。在这两年中，THC（67 - 69%）是法定限量以上最常检测到的药物，其次是可卡因（27 - 28.5%）、苯丙胺（17%）和氯硝西泮（6 - 7%）。吗啡（5.4%）在2015年是最常检测到的5种药物之一，2016年被美沙酮（4.6%）取代。几乎没有检测到新型精神活性物质（NPS）。自2000 - 2006年以来，送交药物分析的交通案件数量增加了30多倍，2016年送交药物分析的交通案件数量高于送交酒精分析的案件数量；自2011年以来，后者数量有所下降。
总体而言，这两年中法定限量以上最常检测到的化合物是酒精，其次是知名非法药物THC、可卡因和苯丙胺。很少见到新型精神活性物质。对交通中药物问题关注度增加的一个后果是，自2006年以来丹麦东部送交分析的药物交通案件大幅增加。尽管与早期调查相比，本次调查仅显示出极小的变化，但此类调查对于监测药物滥用模式和酒后及吸毒后驾驶趋势非常宝贵。
