赞比亚恩乔莱省致倦库蚊群的分子与生理分析。
Molecular and physiological analysis of Anopheles funestus swarms in Nchelenge, Zambia.
机构信息
Wits Research Institute for Malaria; School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Center for Opportunistic, Tropical and Hospital Infections, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa.
出版信息
Malar J. 2018 Jan 25;17(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12936-018-2196-6.
BACKGROUND
Anopheles funestus has been recognized as a major malaria vector in Africa for over 100 years, but knowledge on many aspects of the biology of this species is still lacking. Anopheles funestus, as with most other anophelines, mate through swarming. A key event that is crucial for the An. funestus male to mate is genitalia rotation. This involves the 135° to 180° rotation of claspers, which are tipped with claws. This physical change then enables the male to grasp the female during copulation. The aim of this investigation was to molecularly characterize wild An. funestus swarms from Zambia and examine the degree of genitalia rotation within the swarm.
METHODS
Anopheles funestus swarms were collected from Nchelenge, northern Zambia, during dusk periods in May 2016. All the adults from the swarm were analysed morphologically and identified to species level using a multiplex PCR assay. Anopheles funestus s.s. specimens were molecularly characterized by restriction fragment length polymorphism type and Clade type assays. The different stages of genitalia rotation were examined in the adult males.
RESULTS
A total of six swarms were observed during the study period and between 6 and 26 mosquitoes were caught from each swarm. Species analysis revealed that 90% of the males from the swarms were An. funestus s.s. MW-type, with 84% belonging to clade I compared to 14% clade II and 2% failed to amplify. Very few specimens (3.4%) were identified as Anopheles gambiae s.s. Eighty percent of the males from the swarm had complete genitalia rotation.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first time that An. funestus swarms have been molecularly identified to species level. Anopheles funestus swarms appear to be species-specific with no evidence of clade-type differentiation within these swarms. The An. funestus swarms consist mainly of males with fully rotated genitalia, which strongly suggests that swarming behaviour is triggered primarily when males have matured.
背景
安蚊属的致倦库蚊已被确认为非洲 100 多年来的主要疟疾媒介，但对该物种生物学的许多方面仍缺乏了解。致倦库蚊与大多数其他按蚊一样，通过群舞交配。雄蚊交配的一个关键事件是生殖器旋转。这涉及到 135°到 180°的夹钳旋转，夹钳的末端有爪。这种物理变化使雄蚊在交配时能够抓住雌蚊。本研究的目的是对来自赞比亚的野生致倦库蚊群进行分子特征描述，并检查群舞内生殖器旋转的程度。
方法
2016 年 5 月黄昏期间，在赞比亚北部的 Nchelenge 收集致倦库蚊群。用多重 PCR 检测法对群舞中的所有成虫进行形态学分析和种水平鉴定。通过限制性片段长度多态性型和支系型检测法对致倦库蚊 s.s. 标本进行分子特征描述。检查了雄蚊生殖器旋转的不同阶段。
结果
研究期间共观察到 6 个群舞，每个群舞捕捉到 6 到 26 只蚊子。种系分析显示，群舞中 90%的雄蚊为致倦库蚊 s.s. MW 型，其中 84%属于 I 支系，而 14%属于 II 支系，2%未能扩增。很少有标本（3.4%）被鉴定为冈比亚按蚊 s.s.。群舞中 80%的雄蚊生殖器完全旋转。
结论
这是首次对致倦库蚊群舞进行种水平的分子鉴定。致倦库蚊群舞似乎是种特异性的，群舞内没有支系型分化的证据。致倦库蚊群舞主要由生殖器完全旋转的雄蚊组成，这强烈表明，群舞行为主要是在雄蚊成熟时触发的。
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