Environmental Research Institute, North Highland College UHI, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, KW14 7EE, UK.
MacArthur Green Ltd, 95 South Woodside Road, Glasgow, G20 6NT, UK.
Mar Environ Res. 2018 Mar;134:121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.01.007. Epub 2018 Jan 17.
The black guillemot Cepphus grylle has been identified as a species likely to interact with marine renewable energy devices, specifically tidal turbines, with the potential to experience negative impacts. This likelihood is primarily based on the species being a diving seabird, and an inshore, benthic forager often associating with tidal streams. These behavioural properties may bring them into contact with turbine blades, or make them susceptible to alterations to tidal current speed, and/or changes in benthic habitat structure. We examine the knowledge currently available to assess the potential impacts of tidal stream turbines on black guillemot ecology, highlight knowledge gaps and make recommendations for future research. The key ecological aspects investigated include: foraging movements, diving behaviour, seasonal distribution, other sources of disturbance and colony recovery. Relating to foraging behaviour, between studies there is heterogeneity in black guillemot habitat use in relation to season, tide, diurnal cycles, and bathymetry. Currently, there is also little knowledge regarding the benthic habitats associated with foraging. With respect to diving behaviour, there is currently no available research regarding how black guillemots orientate and manoeuvre within the water column. Black guillemots are considered to be a non-migratory species, however little is known about their winter foraging range and habitat. The effect of human disturbance on breeding habitat and the metapopulation responses to potential mortalities are unknown. It is clear further understanding of black guillemot foraging habitat and behaviour is needed to provide renewable energy developers with the knowledge to sustainably locate tidal turbines and mitigate their impacts.
黑嘴海雀 Cepphus grylle 已被确定为一种可能与海洋可再生能源设备（尤其是潮汐涡轮机）相互作用的物种，其可能会受到负面影响。这种可能性主要基于该物种是一种潜水海鸟，以及一种近海、底栖觅食者，经常与潮流相关联。这些行为特性可能会使它们与涡轮机叶片接触，或者使它们容易受到潮流速度变化和/或底栖生境结构变化的影响。我们检查了目前可用的知识，以评估潮汐涡轮机对黑嘴海雀生态学的潜在影响，强调了知识差距，并为未来的研究提出了建议。关键的生态方面包括：觅食运动、潜水行为、季节性分布、其他干扰源和群体恢复。关于觅食行为，在不同的研究中，黑嘴海雀的栖息地使用与季节、潮汐、昼夜节律和水深有关，存在异质性。目前，关于与觅食相关的底栖生境的知识也很少。关于潜水行为，目前还没有关于黑嘴海雀在水柱中如何定位和操纵的研究。黑嘴海雀被认为是一种非迁徙物种，但人们对它们冬季觅食范围和栖息地知之甚少。人类干扰对繁殖栖息地的影响以及潜在死亡率对异地种群的反应尚不清楚。显然，需要进一步了解黑嘴海雀的觅食栖息地和行为，以便为可再生能源开发商提供知识，以可持续地定位潮汐涡轮机并减轻其影响。
