Hernández-Chávez Marco J, Pérez-García Luis A, Niño-Vega Gustavo A, Mora-Montes Héctor M
Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n, col. Noria Alta, C.P., Guanajuato Gto. 36050, México.
Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Huasteca, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Romualdo del Campo 501, Fracc. Rafael Curiel, C.P., Cd. Valle SLP. 79060, México.
J Fungi (Basel). 2017 Sep 23;3(4):51. doi: 10.3390/jof3040051.
The recognition of fungal cells by the host immune system is key during the establishment of a protective anti-fungal response. Even though the immune system has evolved a vast number of processes to control these organisms, they have developed strategies to fight back, avoiding the proper recognition by immune components and thus interfering with the host protective mechanisms. Therefore, the strategies to evade the immune system are as important as the virulence factors and attributes that damage the host tissues and cells. Here, we performed a thorough revision of the main fungal tactics to escape from the host immunosurveillance processes. These include the composition and organization of the cell wall, the fungal capsule, the formation of titan cells, biofilms, and asteroid bodies; the ability to undergo dimorphism; and the escape from nutritional immunity, extracellular traps, phagocytosis, and the action of humoral immune effectors.
宿主免疫系统对真菌细胞的识别是建立保护性抗真菌反应的关键。尽管免疫系统已经进化出大量控制这些生物体的过程，但它们也发展出了反击策略，避免被免疫成分正确识别，从而干扰宿主的保护机制。因此，逃避免疫系统的策略与损害宿主组织和细胞的毒力因子及特性同样重要。在此，我们对真菌逃避宿主免疫监视过程的主要策略进行了全面综述。这些策略包括细胞壁的组成和结构、真菌荚膜、巨细胞、生物膜和星状体的形成；进行二态性转变的能力；以及逃避营养免疫、细胞外陷阱、吞噬作用和体液免疫效应器作用的能力。
