Breslau N, Davis G C
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Apr;43(4):309-14. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800040015003.
Six-month and lifetime rates of DSM-III major depressive disorder (MDD) and characteristics of the disorder were compared in mothers of children with disabilities (chronic stress sample, n = 310) and in a geographically based probability sample (controls, n = 357). The presence of DSM-III MDD was ascertained by the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Although mothers in the chronic stress sample had significantly more depressive symptoms, rates of MDD were not significantly different in the two samples. The women with MDD in the chronic stress sample reported a lower age of onset and more episodes in lifetime than diagnostically comparable controls, but the two samples did not differ in symptomatology of worst episode. The data do not support an etiologic role for chronic stress in MDD, nor do they support the hypothesis that chronic stress is associated with a unique symptom profile or more severe episodes. They suggest a role for chronic stress in precipitating episodes, although the evidence on this point must be interpreted with caution.
对残疾儿童母亲（慢性应激样本，n = 310）和基于地理位置的概率样本（对照组，n = 357）中DSM-III重度抑郁症（MDD）的六个月患病率和终生患病率以及该疾病的特征进行了比较。DSM-III MDD的存在通过美国国立精神卫生研究所诊断访谈表确定。尽管慢性应激样本中的母亲有明显更多的抑郁症状，但两个样本中MDD的患病率没有显著差异。慢性应激样本中患有MDD的女性报告的发病年龄较低，终生发作次数比诊断上可比的对照组更多，但两个样本在最严重发作的症状学方面没有差异。这些数据不支持慢性应激在MDD病因学中的作用，也不支持慢性应激与独特症状谱或更严重发作相关的假设。它们表明慢性应激在引发发作方面起作用，尽管关于这一点的证据必须谨慎解释。
