Bishop F Michler
SUNY College at Old Westbury, USA.
Health Psychol Open. 2018 Jan 17;5(1):2055102917751576. doi: 10.1177/2055102917751576. eCollection 2018 Jan-Jun.
Millions of people change risky, health-related behaviors and maintain those changes. However, they often take years to change, and their unhealthy behaviors may harm themselves and others and constitute a significant cost to society. A review-similar in nature to a scoping review-was done of the literature related to long-term health behavior change in six areas: alcohol, cocaine and heroin misuse, gambling, smoking, and overeating. Based on the limited research available, reasons for change and strategies for changing and for maintaining change were also reviewed. Fifty years of research clearly indicate that as people age, in the case of alcohol, heroin and cocaine misuse, smoking, and gambling, 80-90 percent moderate or stop their unhealthy behaviors. The one exception is overeating; only 20 percent maintain their weight loss. Most of these changes, when they occur, appear to be the result of self-guided change. More ways to accelerate self-guided, health-related behavior change need to be developed and disseminated.
数以百万计的人改变了有风险的、与健康相关的行为并维持这些改变。然而，他们往往需要数年时间才能改变，而且他们的不健康行为可能会伤害自己和他人，并给社会带来巨大成本。对六个领域中与长期健康行为改变相关的文献进行了一次综述——其性质类似于范围综述：酒精、可卡因和海洛因滥用、赌博、吸烟和暴饮暴食。基于现有的有限研究，还对改变的原因以及改变和维持改变的策略进行了综述。五十年的研究清楚地表明，随着人们年龄的增长，就酒精、海洛因和可卡因滥用、吸烟和赌博而言，80%至90%的人会适度减少或停止他们的不健康行为。唯一的例外是暴饮暴食；只有20%的人能维持体重减轻。这些改变大多在发生时似乎是自我引导改变的结果。需要开发并传播更多加速自我引导的、与健康相关的行为改变的方法。
