Giroux Isabelle, Goulet Annie, Mercier Jonathan, Jacques Christian, Bouchard Stéphane
Centre québécois d'excellence pour la prévention et le traitement du jeu, Université LavalQuébec, QC, Canada.
Cyberpsychology Laboratory of UQO, Université de Québec en OutaouaisGatineau, QC, Canada.
Front Psychol. 2017 Jun 9;8:954. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00954. eCollection 2017.
Online interventions for gambling, alcohol, and illegal drug related problems have been developing at a fast pace over the past decade. Yet, little is known about the content and efficacy of interventions provided entirely online for reducing drug/alcohol use and gambling, or about the characteristics of those who use these interventions. This systematic review aims to describe the characteristics of online interventions, their efficacy, and the profile of their clientele. Documentation was mainly obtained through four scientific databases in psychology, technology, and medical research (PsychINFO, MedLine, Francis, and INSPEC) using three keywords (substances or gambling, intervention, Internet). Of the 4,708 documents initially identified, 18 studies meeting admissibility criteria were retained and analyzed after exclusion of duplicates and non-relevant documents. No study in the review related to problem gambling. The majority of interventions were based upon motivational or cognitive-behavioral theoretical approaches and called upon well-established therapeutic components in the field of addictions. The participants in these studies were generally adults between 30 and 46 years old with a high school education and presenting a high risk or problematic use. More than three quarters of the studies showed a short-term decrease in use that was maintained 6 months later, but only two studies included a 12 months follow-up. Online interventions seem promising and appear to meet the needs of participants who are in the workforce and seeking help for the first time. Long-term efficacy studies should nonetheless be conducted.
在过去十年中，针对赌博、酒精和非法药物相关问题的在线干预措施发展迅速。然而，对于完全通过在线方式提供的旨在减少药物/酒精使用和赌博的干预措施的内容和效果，或者对于使用这些干预措施的人群特征，我们却知之甚少。本系统综述旨在描述在线干预措施的特征、其效果以及其服务对象的概况。文献主要通过心理学、技术和医学研究领域的四个科学数据库（心理学文摘数据库、医学在线数据库、弗朗西斯数据库和科学文摘数据库）获取，使用了三个关键词（物质或赌博、干预、互联网）。在最初识别出的4708篇文献中，排除重复和不相关文献后，保留并分析了18项符合纳入标准的研究。该综述中没有与问题赌博相关的研究。大多数干预措施基于动机或认知行为理论方法，并采用了成瘾领域中成熟的治疗要素。这些研究中的参与者通常是年龄在30至46岁之间、具有高中学历且存在高风险或问题使用情况的成年人。超过四分之三的研究表明使用量在短期内有所下降，且在6个月后仍保持下降趋势，但只有两项研究进行了12个月的随访。在线干预措施似乎很有前景，并且似乎满足了在职且首次寻求帮助的参与者的需求。尽管如此，仍应开展长期疗效研究。
