Gmoshinsky I V, Vrzhesinskaya O A, Shumakova A A, Shipelin V A, Kodentsova V M, Khotimchenko S A
Vopr Pitan. 2016;85(6):72-9.
Amorphous silica (SiO2) in the form of nanoparticles (NPs) is widely used as a food additive E551 in many enriched foods and food supplements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral administration of SiO2 NPs on assimilation and metabolism of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 in laboratory rats. Amorphous SiO2 «Orisil-300 ®» was used with the size of the primary NPs 20-60 nm according to the electronic, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The experiment was conducted on 8 groups of growing male Wistar rats (with initial body weight 70-80g) number, respectively, 7, 7, 10, 10, 12, 12, 14 and 16 animals. Animals of the 1st, 3rd, 4th and 5th groups received throughout the experiment balanced semi-synthetic diet. Animals of the 2nd group received a diet depleted of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 until day 21; animals of the 6th, 7th and 8th groups -the same diet from the 1st to the 21th day, and then, before the closure of the experiment, the diet provided with the indicated B vitamins at 100% of normal level. From day 22 of experiment and until the end at day 29 the animals of the 3rd and 6th groups received deionized water (placebo) through intragastric gavage; rat of the 4th and 7th groups -aqueous suspension of SiO2 dose of 1 mg/kg body weight /day, and the 5th and 8th group -100 mg/kg/day. Urinary excretion of thiamine, riboflavin, 4-pyridoxilic acid and liver and brain content of vitamins B1 and B2 (after acid and enzyme hydrolysis) were determined by fluorimetric methods. It was found that rats in group 2 lagged in weight gain at day 21 significantly compared to group 1, and developed a marked deficiency of vitamins B1, B2 and B6 according to studied safety parameters. In groups from 6 to 8 at day 29 partial recovery was achieved in vitamin status. Administration of SiO2 to animal of groups 4 and 5, with normal consumption of B vitamins, had no significant effect on any parameters of vitamin status in comparison to group 3. However, intragastric administration of SiO2 led in animals of groups 7 and 8 to an increase in the urinary excretion of vitamins B1 and B2 and lowering of their content in liver as compared to group 6. Administration of SiO2 had no effect on indices of vitamin B6 sufficiency. Possible reasons are discussed for the adverse lowering impact of SiO2 NPs on the availability of vitamins B1 and B2 and their increased clearance from the body.
纳米颗粒（NPs）形式的无定形二氧化硅（SiO₂）作为食品添加剂E551被广泛应用于许多强化食品和食品补充剂中。本研究的目的是评估口服SiO₂纳米颗粒对实验大鼠体内维生素B1、B2和B6同化及代谢的影响。根据电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和动态光散射结果，使用了初级纳米颗粒尺寸为20 - 60nm的无定形SiO₂“Orisil - 300®”。实验选用8组生长中的雄性Wistar大鼠（初始体重70 - 80g），每组动物数量分别为7、7、10、10、12、12、14和16只。第1、3、4和5组动物在整个实验过程中食用均衡的半合成饲料。第2组动物在第21天前食用缺乏维生素B1、B2和B6的饲料；第6、7和8组动物在第1至21天食用相同饲料，然后在实验结束前，食用添加了正常水平100%上述B族维生素的饲料。从实验第22天直至第29天结束，第3和6组动物通过灌胃给予去离子水（安慰剂）；第4和7组动物给予剂量为1mg/kg体重/天的SiO₂水悬浮液，第5和8组动物给予剂量为100mg/kg/天的SiO₂水悬浮液。采用荧光法测定硫胺素、核黄素、4 - 吡哆酸的尿排泄量以及维生素B1和B2在肝脏和大脑中的含量（酸解和酶解后）。结果发现，与第1组相比，第2组大鼠在第21天时体重增加明显滞后，并且根据所研究的安全参数显示，其出现了明显的维生素B1、B2和B6缺乏症状。在第29天第6至8组动物的维生素状态部分恢复。在正常摄入B族维生素的情况下，第4和5组动物服用SiO₂与第3组相比，对维生素状态的任何参数均无显著影响。然而，与第6组相比，第7和8组动物灌胃给予SiO₂后，维生素B1和B2的尿排泄量增加，肝脏中其含量降低。SiO₂对维生素B6充足指标无影响。文中讨论了SiO₂纳米颗粒对维生素B1和B2有效性产生不利降低影响及其从体内清除增加的可能原因。
