a Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Department of Sciences , Notre Dame University , Louaize , Lebanon.
Pathog Glob Health. 2018 Feb;112(1):1-12. doi: 10.1080/20477724.2018.1429847. Epub 2018 Jan 29.
Malaria infection caused by Plasmodium parasites remains a major health burden worldwide especially in the tropics and subtropics. Plasmodium exhibits a complex life cycle whereby it undergoes a series of developmental stages in the Anopheles mosquito vector and the vertebrate human host. Malaria severity is mainly attributed to the genetic complexity of the parasite which is reflected in the sophisticated mechanisms of invasion and evasion that allow it to overcome the immune responses of both its invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. In this review, we aim to provide an updated, clear and concise summary of the literature focusing on the interactions of the vertebrate innate immune system with Plasmodium parasites, namely sporozoites, merozoites, and trophozoites. The roles of innate immune factors, both humoral and cellular, in anti-Plasmodium defense are described with particular emphasis on the contribution of key innate players including neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells to the clearance of liver and blood stage parasites. A comprehensive understanding of the innate immune responses to malaria parasites remains an important goal that would dramatically help improve the design of original treatment strategies and vaccines, both of which are urgently needed to relieve the burden of malaria especially in endemic countries.
疟原虫引起的疟疾感染仍然是全球主要的健康负担，特别是在热带和亚热带地区。疟原虫表现出复杂的生命周期，在按蚊媒介和脊椎动物人类宿主中经历一系列发育阶段。疟疾的严重程度主要归因于寄生虫的遗传复杂性，这反映在其入侵和逃避的复杂机制中，使它能够克服无脊椎动物和脊椎动物宿主的免疫反应。在这篇综述中，我们旨在提供一个更新、清晰和简洁的文献综述，重点介绍脊椎动物先天免疫系统与疟原虫寄生虫（即孢子、裂殖子和滋养体）的相互作用。描述了先天免疫因子（包括体液和细胞）在抗疟防御中的作用，特别强调了关键先天免疫因子（包括中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和自然杀伤细胞）对清除肝期和血期寄生虫的贡献。全面了解对疟原虫的先天免疫反应仍然是一个重要目标，这将极大地有助于改进原始治疗策略和疫苗的设计，这两者都是缓解疟疾负担特别是在流行国家所急需的。
