Urban B C, Ing R, Stevenson M M
Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Oxford, UK.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;297:25-70. doi: 10.1007/3-540-29967-x_2.
Accumulating evidence provides strong support for the importance of innate immunity in shaping the subsequent adaptive immune response to blood-stage Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. Early interactions between blood-stage parasites and cells of the innate immune system, including dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, NKT cells, and gamma6 T cells, are important in the timely control of parasite replication and in the subsequent elimination and resolution of the infection. The major role of innate immunity appears to be the production of immunoregulatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-gamma, which are critical for the development of type 1 immune responses involving CD4+ Thl cells, B cells, and effector cells which mediate cell-mediated and antibody-dependent adaptive immune responses. In addition, it is likely that cells of the innate immune system, especially dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells. Here, we review recent data from rodent models of blood-stage malaria and from human studies, and outline the early interactions of infected red blood cells with the innate immune system. We compare and contrast the results derived from studies in infected laboratory mice and humans. These host species are sufficiently different with respect to the identity of the infecting Plasmodium species, the resulting pathologies, and immune responses, particularly where the innate immune response is concerned. The implications of these findings for the development of an effective and safe malaria vaccine are also discussed.
越来越多的证据有力地支持了先天免疫在塑造对疟原虫（疟疾的病原体）血液阶段寄生虫的后续适应性免疫反应中的重要性。血液阶段寄生虫与先天免疫系统细胞（包括树突状细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、NKT细胞和γδ T细胞）之间的早期相互作用，对于及时控制寄生虫复制以及随后消除和解决感染至关重要。先天免疫的主要作用似乎是产生免疫调节细胞因子，如白细胞介素（IL）-12和干扰素（IFN）-γ，它们对于涉及CD4 + Th1细胞、B细胞和介导细胞介导及抗体依赖性适应性免疫反应的效应细胞的1型免疫反应的发展至关重要。此外，先天免疫系统的细胞，尤其是树突状细胞，可能充当抗原呈递细胞。在这里，我们回顾了来自血液阶段疟疾啮齿动物模型和人体研究的最新数据，并概述了感染的红细胞与先天免疫系统的早期相互作用。我们比较并对比了在感染的实验室小鼠和人类中进行的研究结果。这些宿主物种在感染的疟原虫种类、由此产生的病理以及免疫反应方面存在足够的差异，特别是在涉及先天免疫反应的情况下。还讨论了这些发现对开发有效且安全的疟疾疫苗的意义。
