Plasma levels and cardiovascular, endocrine, and excretory effects of atrial natriuretic peptide during different sodium intakes in man.

Endogenous plasma concentrations of human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha hANP) as well as effects of synthetic alpha hANP on some cardiovascular, endocrine, and renal excretory parameters were investigated in 10 normal subjects during sodium (Na+) intakes of 17, 140, and 310 mmol/day, respectively. Plasma hANP was slightly but not significantly higher after 5 days of normal or high sodium intake than after 5 days of low sodium intake [54 +/- 13, 46 +/- 8, and 37 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) pg/ml, respectively]. alpha hANP infused at 0.1 microgram/kg X min during all Na+ intakes produced a similar fall in diastolic blood pressure (P less than 0.001) and rise in heart rate (P less than 0.001), a comparable percent increase in plasma norepinephrine (P less than 0.001), and a reduction in plasma cortisol and aldosterone (P less than 0.01-0.001) despite raised renin activity (P less than 0.05-0.001) and unchanged plasma electrolytes. alpha hANP-induced plasma volume contraction, diuresis, and natriuresis were greater during high than low Na+ intake (P less than 0.01-0.001). Therefore, in normal man different Na+ intakes are accompanied by marked modifications in renal excretory responsiveness to alpha hANP. Regardless of sodium intake, alpha hANP can promote BP reduction and hemoconcentration, elicit reflex (?) sympathetic activation, and depress basal circulating aldosterone and cortisol levels in the face of an activated renin system.