Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 1, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Program, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Biocenter 1, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, Finland.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech. 2018 Apr;1861(4):419-432. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2018.01.015. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules are sumptuously decorated with evolutionary conserved post-transcriptional nucleoside modifications that are essential for structural stability and ensure efficient protein translation. The tRNA modification levels change significantly in response to physiological stresses, altering translation in a number of ways. For instance, tRNA hypomodification leads to translational slowdown, disrupting protein homeostasis and reducing cellular fitness. This highlights the importance of proper tRNA modification as a determinant for maintaining cellular function and viability during stress. Furthermore, the expression of several microbial virulence factors is induced by changes in environmental conditions; a process where tRNA 2-thiolation is unequivocal for pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted implications of tRNA modification for infection by examining the roles of nucleoside modification in tRNA biology. Future development of novel methods and combinatory utilization of existing technologies will bring tRNA modification-mediated regulation of cellular immunity and pathogenicity to the limelight.
转移 RNA（tRNA）分子被大量进化保守的转录后核苷修饰所装饰，这些修饰对于结构稳定性至关重要，并确保蛋白质翻译的高效性。tRNA 修饰水平会因生理应激而显著变化，从而以多种方式改变翻译。例如，tRNA 低修饰会导致翻译减速，破坏蛋白质的动态平衡并降低细胞活力。这突出表明适当的 tRNA 修饰作为维持应激期间细胞功能和活力的决定因素的重要性。此外，几种微生物毒力因子的表达会因环境条件的变化而被诱导；在这个过程中，tRNA 2-硫醇化对于致病性是明确的。在这篇综述中，我们通过检查核苷修饰在 tRNA 生物学中的作用，讨论了 tRNA 修饰对感染的多方面影响。新型方法的未来发展和现有技术的组合利用将使 tRNA 修饰介导的细胞免疫和致病性调节成为焦点。
