Feldman Brett J, Craen Alexandra M, Enyart Joshua, Batchelor Timothy, Friel Timothy J, Dusza Stephen W, Greenberg Marna Rayl
J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2018 Feb 1;118(2):85-91. doi: 10.7556/jaoa.2018.023.
According to the US Department of Housing and Urban Development, nearly 1.5 million people spend at least 1 night in an emergency shelter or transitional housing each year, and more than 500,000 people are homeless on a given night in the United States. To our knowledge, limited data exist regarding the prevalence of homelessness in ED patients by gender (male, female, and transgender).
To assess the prevalence of homelessness by gender in 3 EDs in Pennsylvania.
From May 2015 through February 2016, patients in 3 EDs were approached to take a 5-question homelessness screening survey. To participate, patients had to be aged at least 18 years, speak English, have capacity to complete the survey, be willing to participate, and not be critically ill. Frequency comparisons were made using χ2 analysis. Statistical significance was defined as P≤.05.
A total of 4395 patients were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 50.8 (20.5) years; 2557 (58.2%) were women and 3 (0.07%) were transgender. No difference in the rate of homelessness was observed between men and women, with 135 of 1835 men (7.4%) and 173 of 2557 women (6.8%) screening positive for homelessness (P=.472). Forty of 2557 women (1.6%) and 41 of 1835 men (2.2%) admitted they had slept outside or in an abandoned building, their car, an emergency shelter, or a hotel due to financial hardship in the past 60 days (P=.26). One transgender patient screened positive for homelessness. The mean age of participants who screened positive for homelessness was 40.9 (15.9) years.
No significant difference was observed in the rate of homelessness between men and women in this ED population, which defies the perception that this issue primarily affects men. Public health interventions aimed at homeless populations should consider that both men and women may be equally affected by homelessness.
根据美国住房和城市发展部的数据，每年有近150万人至少在紧急避难所或过渡性住房中度过一晚，在美国的特定夜晚，有超过50万人无家可归。据我们所知，关于急诊科患者中按性别（男性、女性和跨性别者）划分的无家可归患病率的数据有限。
评估宾夕法尼亚州3个急诊科中按性别划分的无家可归患病率。
2015年5月至2016年2月，邀请3个急诊科的患者参加一项包含5个问题的无家可归筛查调查。要参与调查，患者必须年满18岁、会说英语、有能力完成调查、愿意参与且病情不危急。使用χ2分析进行频率比较。统计学显著性定义为P≤0.05。
共有4395名患者纳入分析。参与者的平均（标准差）年龄为50.8（20.5）岁；2557名（58.2%）为女性，3名（0.07%）为跨性别者。男性和女性的无家可归率未观察到差异，1835名男性中有135名（7.4%）、2557名女性中有173名（6.8%）无家可归筛查呈阳性（P = 0.472）。2557名女性中有40名（1.6%）、1835名男性中有41名（2.2%）承认在过去60天里因经济困难睡在户外、废弃建筑、汽车、紧急避难所或酒店（P =
