1 Gender Violence and Health Center, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
2 CARE International Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Jun;33(11):1778-1804. doi: 10.1177/0886260517752156. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
Indashyikirwa is a Rwandan program that seeks to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) and support healthy, equitable relationships. A fundamental program aspect is a 5-month curriculum among heterosexual couples designed to identify the causes and consequences of economic, emotional, physical, and sexual IPV, and build skills to manage triggers of IPV. The program also trained opinion leaders to more effectively prevent and respond to IPV, and established women's safe spaces to educate women about their rights, refer or accompany women who wish to report abuse or seek services. Drawing on 30 interviews with couples and 9 interviews with opinion leaders before and after completing the Indashyikirwa trainings, this article highlights beneficiaries' perceived consequences of IPV, and how such perceptions were influenced through the Indashyikirwa program. Interviews were conducted in Kinyarwanda, recorded, translated, and transcribed into English and analyzed thematically. The data reveal a depth of understanding of consequences of various forms of IPV. Although several participants justified more minor forms of men's physical IPV, such as slapping, severe consequences of physical IPV were most readily identified and sanctioned. Various harms of emotional and economic IPV were reported, yet these forms of IPV were typically less socially sanctioned or identified as IPV. Conceptions of sexual IPV were influenced by inequitable gender norms, and not typically recognized as a violation under the law. Although the data do not yet demonstrate the long-term impact, collectively identifying the overlapping consequences and underlying power inequalities for all forms of IPV, the legal rights protecting against various forms of IPV, and the benefits of nonviolent, equitable relationships, appeared to be helpful to shift perceptions of consequences of IPV. Implications of the findings for the program and broader IPV prevention are identified.
因达希基里瓦是卢旺达的一个项目，旨在预防亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）并支持健康、平等的关系。该项目的一个基本方面是为异性伴侣设计的为期 5 个月的课程，旨在确定经济、情感、身体和性 IPV 的原因和后果，并培养管理 IPV 触发因素的技能。该项目还培训了意见领袖，以更有效地预防和应对 IPV，并建立了妇女安全空间，向妇女宣传其权利，为希望报告虐待或寻求服务的妇女提供转介或陪同。本文借鉴了 30 对夫妇和 9 位意见领袖在完成因达希基里瓦培训前后的 9 次访谈，强调了受益者对 IPV 的感知后果，以及这种看法如何通过因达希基里瓦项目产生影响。访谈以基尼亚卢旺达语进行，录音、翻译并转录为英文，然后进行主题分析。数据揭示了对各种形式 IPV 后果的深刻理解。尽管一些参与者为男性更轻微的身体 IPV 形式（如掌掴）辩护，但身体 IPV 的严重后果最容易被识别和制裁。报告了情感和经济 IPV 的各种伤害，但这些形式的 IPV 通常较少受到社会制裁或被视为 IPV。性 IPV 的概念受到不平等性别规范的影响，通常不被认为是违法的。尽管数据尚未显示长期影响，但集体确定所有形式 IPV 的重叠后果和潜在权力不平等、保护各种形式 IPV 的法律权利以及非暴力、平等关系的好处，似乎有助于改变对 IPV 后果的看法。确定了这些发现对该项目和更广泛的 IPV 预防的影响。
