Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Human Nutrition and Home Economics, Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda.
Trop Med Int Health. 2018 Apr;23(4):391-404. doi: 10.1111/tmi.13036. Epub 2018 Feb 27.
To examine the effect of a nutrition and hygiene education intervention on oral health behaviour and whether early onset of caries was related to child growth in rural Uganda.
Follow-up study of a cluster-randomised controlled trial conducted between October 2013 and January 2015. Data were available from 399 mother/child pairs (203 in the intervention and 198 in the control group) of the original trial (78%) when the children were 36 months old. Oral health behaviour was evaluated using questionnaires. Photographs of the maxillary anterior teeth were examined for unmistakably carious lesions, and 115 water samples from the study area were analysed for fluoride concentration.
The frequency of cleaning of the child's teeth at 36 months was about twice as high in the intervention as in the control group (84.3% vs. 46.6%; P = 0.0001). Cavitated carious lesions occurred more frequently in the control than the intervention group (27.8% vs. 18.2%; P = 0.04). Extraction of 'false teeth' (ebiino), a painful and crude traditional operation, was profoundly reduced in the intervention group (8.9% vs. 24.7%; P = 0.001). There was no evidence of association between the occurrence of caries and child growth.
The education intervention improved oral hygiene practices and reduced the development and progression of caries and extraction of ebiino. Early childhood caries was not clearly associated with child growth.
研究营养和卫生教育干预对口腔健康行为的影响，以及在乌干达农村地区龋齿的早期发生是否与儿童生长有关。
这是一项在 2013 年 10 月至 2015 年 1 月期间进行的群组随机对照试验的随访研究。在儿童 36 个月大时，原始试验中有 399 对母婴（干预组 203 对，对照组 198 对）提供了数据（占原始试验的 78%）。口腔健康行为通过问卷调查进行评估。对上颌前牙的照片进行检查，以确定有无龋齿病变，对研究区域的 115 个水样进行氟浓度分析。
干预组儿童在 36 个月时刷牙的频率约为对照组的两倍（84.3%比 46.6%；P = 0.0001）。对照组发生龋洞性龋齿病变的频率高于干预组（27.8%比 18.2%；P = 0.04）。干预组“拔牙”（ebiino）的发生率明显降低，“拔牙”是一种痛苦且粗糙的传统手术（8.9%比 24.7%；P = 0.001）。龋齿的发生与儿童生长之间没有明显的关联。
教育干预改善了口腔卫生习惯，减少了龋齿的发生和发展，以及“拔牙”的发生。儿童早期龋齿与儿童生长没有明显的关联。
