Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, HRIC 3280 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr;15(4):206-221. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.183. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have an important role during infection by helping neutrophils to capture and kill pathogens. However, evidence is accumulating that uncontrolled or excessive production of NETs is related to the exacerbation of inflammation and the development of autoimmunity, cancer metastasis and inappropriate thrombosis. In this Review, we focus on the role of NETs in the liver and gastrointestinal system, outlining their protective and pathological effects. The latest mechanistic insights in NET formation, interactions between microorganisms and NETs and the relationship between neutrophil subtypes and their functions are also discussed. Additionally, we describe the potential importance of NET-related molecules, including cell-free DNA and hypercitrullinated histones, as biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in gastrointestinal diseases.
中性粒细胞胞外陷阱 (NETs) 在感染过程中具有重要作用，有助于中性粒细胞捕获和杀死病原体。然而，越来越多的证据表明，NETs 的失控或过度产生与炎症的加剧、自身免疫的发展、癌症转移和不当血栓形成有关。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注 NETs 在肝脏和胃肠道系统中的作用，概述了它们的保护和病理作用。还讨论了 NET 形成的最新机制见解、微生物与 NETs 之间的相互作用以及中性粒细胞亚型及其功能之间的关系。此外，我们描述了 NET 相关分子（包括游离 DNA 和高半胱氨酸化组蛋白）作为胃肠道疾病生物标志物和治疗干预靶点的潜在重要性。
