Hayashi Misato, Kawakami Fumito, Roslan Rosimah, Hapiszudin Nurhafizie M, Dharmalingam Sabapathy
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, 41-2 Kanrin, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Primates. 2018 Mar;59(2):135-144. doi: 10.1007/s10329-018-0650-2. Epub 2018 Jan 30.
The Bukit Merah Orang Utan Island (OUI) Foundation has been conducting behavioral and veterinary research on orangutans as an attempt at ex situ conservation. Since 2010, the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University has been collaborating with OUI to promote environmental enrichment and infant rearing by biological mothers in addition to the continuous efforts of refining the veterinary management of the endangered species. In 2011, three Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) were released on an island, called BJ Island, adjacent to OUI. This island is approximately 5.6 ha in size, and 635 trees belonging to 102 plant species were identified prior to their release. Behavioral monitoring of the released individuals has been conducted to evaluate their behavioral adaptation to the new environment. Two of the three released orangutans were born in the wild, whereas the youngest individual was born on OUI and expected to learn forest survival strategies from the two older individuals. One of the orangutans was pregnant at the time of release and subsequently gave birth to two male infants on BJ Island. The behavioral monitoring indicated that these orangutans traveled more and spent more time on trees following their release onto BJ Island. However, resting was longer for two females both on OUI and BJ Island when compared to other populations. The orangutans consumed some natural food resources on BJ Island. The release into a more naturalistic environment may help the orangutans to develop more naturalistic behavioral patterns that resemble their wild counterparts.
武吉美拉红毛猩猩岛（OUI）基金会一直在对红毛猩猩进行行为和兽医研究，作为迁地保护的一种尝试。自2010年以来，京都大学灵长类动物研究所一直与OUI合作，除了不断努力完善对这种濒危物种的兽医管理外，还促进环境丰富化以及由生母进行幼崽抚养。2011年，三只婆罗洲红毛猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus）被放归到与OUI相邻的一个名为BJ岛的岛屿上。这个岛屿面积约5.6公顷，在放归之前已鉴定出属于102种植物的635棵树。对放归个体进行了行为监测，以评估它们对新环境的行为适应情况。三只放归的红毛猩猩中有两只出生在野外，而最年幼的个体出生在OUI，预计会从两只年长的个体那里学习森林生存策略。其中一只红毛猩猩在放归时已怀孕，随后在BJ岛产下了两只雄性幼崽。行为监测表明，这些红毛猩猩在被放归到BJ岛后活动更多，在树上花费的时间也更多。然而，与其他种群相比，两只雌性红毛猩猩在OUI和BJ岛的休息时间都更长。这些红毛猩猩在BJ岛上消耗了一些天然食物资源。放归到更自然的环境中可能有助于红毛猩猩形成更类似于其野生同类的自然行为模式。
