University of Zurich, Institute of Parasitology, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Parasitology. 2010 Jan;137(1):123-35. doi: 10.1017/S0031182009991120. Epub 2009 Sep 21.
Faecal samples from 163 captive and semi-captive individuals, 61 samples from wild individuals and 38 samples from captive groups of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) in Kalimantan, Indonesia, were collected during one rainy season (November 2005-May 2006) and screened for intestinal parasites using sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin-concentration (SAFC), sedimentation, flotation, McMaster- and Baermann techniques. We aimed to identify factors influencing infection risk for specific intestinal parasites in wild orangutans and individuals living in captivity. Various genera of Protozoa (including Entamoeba, Endolimax, Iodamoeba, Balantidium, Giardia and Blastocystis), nematodes (such as Strongyloides, Trichuris, Ascaris, Enterobius, Trichostrongylus and hookworms) and one trematode (a dicrocoeliid) were identified. For the first time, the cestode Hymenolepis was detected in orangutans. Highest prevalences were found for Strongyloides (individuals 37%; groups 58%), hookworms (41%; 58%), Balantidium (40%; 61%), Entamoeba coli (29%; 53%) and a trichostrongylid (13%; 32%). In re-introduction centres, infants were at higher risk of infection with Strongyloides than adults. Infection risk for hookworms was significantly higher in wild males compared with females. In groups, the centres themselves had a significant influence on the infection risk for Balantidium. Ranging patterns of wild orangutans, overcrowding in captivity and a shift of age composition in favour of immatures seemed to be the most likely factors leading to these results.
从印度尼西亚加里曼丹的 163 只圈养和半圈养个体、61 只野生个体和 38 只圈养婆罗洲猩猩（Pongo pygmaeus）个体中采集粪便样本，在一个雨季（2005 年 11 月至 2006 年 5 月）期间进行肠道寄生虫检测，使用乙酸钠-醋酸-福尔马林沉淀浓缩（SAFC）、沉淀、漂浮、麦克马斯特和巴氏技术。我们旨在确定影响野生猩猩和圈养个体特定肠道寄生虫感染风险的因素。鉴定出各种原生动物属（包括 Entamoeba、Endolimax、Iodamoeba、Balantidium、Giardia 和 Blastocystis）、线虫（如 Strongyloides、Trichuris、Ascaris、Enterobius、Trichostrongylus 和钩虫）和一种吸虫（一种双腔吸虫）。首次在猩猩中检测到带绦虫。Strongyloides（个体 37%；群体 58%）、钩虫（41%；58%）、Balantidium（40%；61%）、大肠杆菌 Entamoeba（29%；53%）和一种 Trichostrongylus（13%；32%）的患病率最高。在重新引入中心，婴儿感染 Strongyloides 的风险高于成人。与女性相比，野生雄性感染钩虫的风险显著更高。在群体中，中心本身对 Balantidium 的感染风险有显著影响。野生猩猩的活动范围模式、圈养中的过度拥挤以及有利于未成年个体的年龄组成的转变，似乎是导致这些结果的最可能因素。
