Wang Ying, Mortimer Monika, Chang Chong Hyun, Holden Patricia A
Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, Earth Research Institute, University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2018 Jan 30;8(2):76. doi: 10.3390/nano8020076.
Robust evaluation of potential environmental and health risks of carbonaceous and boron nitride nanomaterials (NMs) is imperative. However, significant agglomeration of pristine carbonaceous and boron nitride NMs due to strong van der Waals forces renders them not suitable for direct toxicity testing in aqueous media. Here, the natural polysaccharide alginic acid (AA) was used as a nontoxic, environmentally relevant dispersant with defined composition to disperse seven types of carbonaceous and boron nitride NMs, including multiwall carbon nanotubes, graphene, boron nitride nanotubes, and hexagonal boron nitride flakes, with various physicochemical characteristics. AA's biocompatibility was confirmed by examining AA effects on viability and growth of two model microorganisms (the protozoan and the bacterium ). Using 400 mg·L AA, comparably stable NM (200 mg·L) stock dispersions were obtained by 30-min probe ultrasonication. AA non-covalently interacted with NM surfaces and improved the dispersibility of NMs in water. The dispersion stability varied with NM morphology and size rather than chemistry. The optimized dispersion protocol established here can facilitate preparing homogeneous NM dispersions for reliable exposures during microbial toxicity testing, contributing to improved reproducibility of toxicity results.
对碳质和氮化硼纳米材料（NMs）潜在的环境和健康风险进行可靠评估势在必行。然而，由于强大的范德华力，原始碳质和氮化硼纳米材料会发生显著团聚，这使得它们不适用于在水性介质中进行直接毒性测试。在此，天然多糖海藻酸（AA）被用作一种无毒、与环境相关且成分明确的分散剂，以分散七种具有不同物理化学特性的碳质和氮化硼纳米材料，包括多壁碳纳米管、石墨烯、氮化硼纳米管和六方氮化硼薄片。通过检测AA对两种模式微生物（原生动物和细菌）的活力和生长的影响，证实了AA的生物相容性。使用400 mg·L的AA，通过30分钟的探头超声处理获得了相对稳定的纳米材料（200 mg·L）储备分散液。AA与纳米材料表面非共价相互作用，提高了纳米材料在水中的分散性。分散稳定性随纳米材料的形态和尺寸而变化，而非化学性质。此处建立的优化分散方案有助于制备均匀的纳米材料分散液，以便在微生物毒性测试期间进行可靠的暴露，从而提高毒性结果的重现性。
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