Kharlamova Marianna V, Kramberger Christian
Centre for Advanced Materials Application (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 5807/9, 845 11 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2023 Apr 25;13(9):1458. doi: 10.3390/nano13091458.
The cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials is a very important issue for microorganisms, animals, and humans. Here, we discuss the issues of cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, graphene, fullerene, and dots. Cytotoxicity issues, such as cell viability and drug release, are considered. The main part of the review is dedicated to important cell viability issues. They are presented for A549 human melanoma, , osteosarcoma, U2-OS, SAOS-2, MG63, U87, and U118 cell lines. Then, important drug release issues are discussed. Bioimaging results are shown here to illustrate the use of carbon derivatives as markers in any type of imaging used in vivo/in vitro. Finally, perspectives of the field are presented. The important issue is single-cell viability. It can allow a correlation of the functionality of organelles of single cells with the development of cancer. Such organelles are mitochondria, nuclei, vacuoles, and reticulum. It allows for finding biochemical evidence of cancer prevention in single cells. The development of investigation methods for single-cell level detection of viability stimulates the cytotoxicity investigative field. The development of single-cell microscopy is needed to improve the resolution and accuracy of investigations. The importance of cytotoxicity is drug release. It is important to control the amount of drug that is released. This is performed with pH, temperature, and electric stimulation. Further development of drug loading and bioimaging is important to decrease the cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials. We hope that this review is useful for researchers from all disciplines across the world.
碳纳米材料的细胞毒性对于微生物、动物和人类而言是一个非常重要的问题。在此，我们讨论碳纳米材料、碳纳米管、石墨烯、富勒烯和量子点的细胞毒性问题。我们考虑了细胞毒性问题，如细胞活力和药物释放。综述的主要部分致力于重要的细胞活力问题。这些问题针对A549人黑素瘤细胞、骨肉瘤细胞、U2-OS细胞、SAOS-2细胞、MG63细胞、U87细胞和U118细胞系进行了阐述。然后，讨论了重要的药物释放问题。此处展示了生物成像结果，以说明碳衍生物在体内/体外任何类型成像中作为标记物的应用。最后，介绍了该领域的前景。重要问题是单细胞活力。它能够使单细胞细胞器的功能与癌症发展相关联。此类细胞器包括线粒体、细胞核、液泡和内质网。这有助于在单细胞中找到癌症预防的生化证据。单细胞水平活力检测研究方法的发展推动了细胞毒性研究领域的发展。需要发展单细胞显微镜技术以提高研究的分辨率和准确性。细胞毒性的重要方面是药物释放。控制药物释放量很重要。这可通过pH值、温度和电刺激来实现。药物负载和生物成像的进一步发展对于降低碳纳米材料的细胞毒性很重要。我们希望这篇综述对世界各地所有学科的研究人员都有用。
