Maroun Justin, Muñoz-Alía Miguel, Ammayappan Arun, Schulze Autumn, Peng Kah-Whye, Russell Stephen
Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Future Virol. 2017 Apr;12(4):193-213. doi: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0129. Epub 2017 Mar 31.
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are engineered and/or evolved to propagate selectively in cancerous tissues. They have a dual mechanism of action; direct killing of infected cancer cells cross-primes anticancer immunity to boost the killing of uninfected cancer cells. The goal of the field is to develop OVs that are easily manufactured, efficiently delivered to disseminated sites of cancer growth, undergo rapid intratumoral spread, selectively kill tumor cells, cause no collateral damage and pose no risk of transmission in the population. Here we discuss the many virus engineering strategies that are being pursued to optimize delivery, intratumoral spread and safety of OVs derived from different virus families. With continued progress, OVs have the potential to transform the paradigm of cancer care.
溶瘤病毒（OVs）经过改造和/或进化，使其能够在癌组织中选择性增殖。它们具有双重作用机制；直接杀死被感染的癌细胞可交叉启动抗癌免疫反应，以增强对未感染癌细胞的杀伤作用。该领域的目标是开发易于生产、能有效递送至癌症扩散生长部位、在肿瘤内快速传播、选择性杀死肿瘤细胞、不造成附带损害且无人群传播风险的溶瘤病毒。在此，我们讨论了为优化源自不同病毒家族的溶瘤病毒的递送、肿瘤内传播和安全性而采用的多种病毒工程策略。随着不断取得进展，溶瘤病毒有可能改变癌症治疗模式。
