用于肿瘤内免疫治疗的病毒纳米技术。
Virus nanotechnology for intratumoural immunotherapy.
作者信息
Omole Anthony O, Zhao Zhongchao, Chang-Liao Sabrina, de Oliveira Jessica Fernanda Affonso, Boone Christine E, Sutorus Lucas, Sack Markus, Varner Judith, Fiering Steven N, Steinmetz Nicole F
机构信息
Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Shu and K. C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Bioeng. 2024 Nov;2(11):916-929. doi: 10.1038/s44222-024-00231-z. Epub 2024 Sep 23.
Viruses can be designed to be tools and carrier vehicles for intratumoural immunotherapy. Their nanometre-scale size and shape allow for functionalization with or encapsulation of medical cargoes and tissue-specific ligands. Importantly, immunotherapies may particularly benefit from the inherent immunomodulatory properties of viruses. For example, mammalian viruses have already been tested for oncolytic virotherapy, and bacteriophages and plant viruses can be engineered for immunotherapeutic treatment approaches. In this Review, we discuss how viruses - including oncolytic viruses, immunomodulatory plant viruses and bacteriophages - and virus-like particles can be designed for intratumoural immunotherapy to elicit anti-tumour immunity and induce systemic anti-tumour responses at distant non-injected sites. We further highlight the engineering of viruses and virus-like particles as drug-delivery systems, and outline key translational challenges and clinical opportunities.
病毒可被设计成用于肿瘤内免疫治疗的工具和载体。它们纳米级的大小和形状使其能够与医疗货物及组织特异性配体进行功能化结合或包裹。重要的是，免疫疗法可能特别受益于病毒固有的免疫调节特性。例如，哺乳动物病毒已被用于溶瘤病毒疗法的测试，噬菌体和植物病毒也可经过改造用于免疫治疗方法。在本综述中，我们讨论了如何将病毒——包括溶瘤病毒、免疫调节植物病毒和噬菌体——以及病毒样颗粒设计用于肿瘤内免疫治疗，以引发抗肿瘤免疫并在远处未注射部位诱导全身性抗肿瘤反应。我们还强调了将病毒和病毒样颗粒工程化为药物递送系统，并概述了关键的转化挑战和临床机遇。
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