Papageorgiou Louis, Vlachakis Chrisanthy, Dragoumani Konstantina, Raftopoulou Sofia, Brouzas Dimitrios, Nicolaides Nicolas C, Chrousos George P, Charmandari Evangelia, Megalooikonomou Vasileios, Vlachakis Dimitrios
Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Athens 15784, Greece.
Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75, M. Assias Street, Athens 11527, Greece.
J Mol Biochem. 2017;6:33-40. Epub 2017 Dec 10.
At the end of the 1980s, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) was cloned and formally identified as the cause of the majority of non-A and non-B hepatitis cases. Today, around 170 million people worldwide are infected with HCV, making it five times more common than infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Several methods exist which mediate the spread of infection. One of the most common and efficient is sharing or re-using injecting equipment; studies have indicated that 80-90% of individuals in some populations of intravenous drug users test positive in serum HCV assays. Contracting HCV from infected blood transfusions was also a major cause of infection before screening tests were introduced in the early 1990s. Other possible, but less common, methods of infection transmission include mother-to-child during pregnancy, sexual contact and nosocomial acquisition (for example between surgical or dialysis patients). It appears that concurrent HIV-1 infection increases the risk of HCV transmission via the mother-to-child or sexual routes.
20世纪80年代末，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）被克隆并被正式确认为大多数非甲非乙型肝炎病例的病因。如今，全球约有1.7亿人感染了HCV，这使其感染率比人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率高出四倍。存在多种介导感染传播的方式。最常见且有效的方式之一是共用或重复使用注射设备；研究表明，在一些静脉吸毒人群中，80%至90%的个体血清HCV检测呈阳性。在20世纪90年代初引入筛查检测之前，因输入受感染血液而感染HCV也是一个主要感染原因。其他可能但不太常见的感染传播方式包括孕期母婴传播、性接触和医院内感染（例如在手术或透析患者之间）。似乎同时感染HIV-1会增加通过母婴传播或性传播途径感染HCV的风险。
