Hayashi Yugo
College of Comprehensive Psychology, Ritsumeikan University.
Cogn Sci. 2018 May;42 Suppl 1:69-104. doi: 10.1111/cogs.12587. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
Integrating different perspectives is a sophisticated strategy for developing constructive interactions in collaborative problem solving. However, cognitive aspects such as individuals' knowledge and bias often obscure group consensus and produce conflict. This study investigated collaborative problem solving, focusing on a group member interacting with another member having a different perspective (a "maverick"). It was predicted that mavericks might mitigate disadvantages and facilitate perspective taking during problem solving. Thus, 344 university students participated in two laboratory-based experiments by engaging in a simple rule-discovery task that raised conflicts among perspectives. They interacted with virtual partners whose conversations were controlled by multiple conversational agents. Results show that when participants interacted with a maverick during the task, they were able to take others' perspectives and integrate different perspectives to solve the problem. Moreover, when participants interacted in groups with a positive mood, groups with a maverick outperformed groups having several perspectives.
整合不同观点是在协作解决问题中发展建设性互动的一种复杂策略。然而，诸如个人知识和偏见等认知因素常常会模糊群体共识并引发冲突。本研究调查了协作解决问题的情况，重点关注一名群体成员与另一名持有不同观点的成员（“特立独行的人”）的互动。据预测，特立独行的人可能会减轻劣势，并在解决问题过程中促进观点采择。因此，344名大学生参与了两项基于实验室的实验，他们参与了一项简单的规则发现任务，该任务引发了观点之间的冲突。他们与虚拟伙伴互动，虚拟伙伴的对话由多个对话代理控制。结果表明，当参与者在任务中与特立独行的人互动时，他们能够采择他人观点并整合不同观点来解决问题。此外，当参与者以积极的情绪进行小组互动时，有特立独行的人的小组比有多种观点的小组表现更好。
