Sauda Federica, Malandrucco Livia, Macrì Gladia, Scarpulla Manuela, De Liberato Claudio, Terracciano Giuliana, Fichi Gianluca, Berrilli Federica, Perrucci Stefania
Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie-Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Ospedale Veterinario ASL Roma D, Via della Magliana 856, Rome, Italy.
Parasite. 2018;25:2. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2018001. Epub 2018 Feb 1.
Prevalence and risk factors of Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other potentially zoonotic or canine-specific endoparasite infections were assessed in 639 kennel dogs from central Italy. To this end, individual blood and fecal samples were examined using parasitological, immunological and molecular techniques. The presence of compatible clinical pictures, as well as age and gender were considered as putative risks factors. To evaluate risk factors, multivariable analysis with logistic regression and univariable analysis with a Chi square test and a Fischer's exact test were performed. Overall, 52.6% of dogs (95% CI 48.6-56.5) were found positive, while 39.6% of dogs (95% CI 35.8-43.5) were infected by potentially zoonotic species. Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria repens showed prevalences of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5-4.1) and 2.8% (95% CI 1.7-4.5), respectively. The prevalence of cardiorespiratory parasites was 7.8% (95% CI 5.9-10.3) and included the species Angiostrongylus vasorum, Eucoleus aerophilus, Eucoleus boehmi and D. immitis; the latter showed a prevalence of 0.2% (95% CI 0.001-1). Intestinal parasites were significantly prevalent (38.8%, 95% CI 35-42.7) and they consisted mainly of species of major zoonotic concern, including ancylostomatids, Toxocara canis, Giardia duodenalis, Dipylidium caninum, Taeniidae, Strongyloides stercoralis and Cryptosporidium parvum. Endoparasites were significantly prevalent in clinically suspected dogs. Leishmania infantum and cardiorespiratory nematodes were prevalent in older dogs, while intestinal parasites were prevalent in younger dogs. Results show high dog and public health risks in kennels in central Italy, and suggest the need for more effective control measures.
对意大利中部639只犬舍犬进行了婴儿利什曼原虫、恶丝虫属及其他潜在人畜共患或犬特异性体内寄生虫感染的患病率及危险因素评估。为此，采用寄生虫学、免疫学和分子技术对个体血液和粪便样本进行检测。将是否存在相符的临床症状以及年龄和性别视为假定危险因素。为评估危险因素，进行了逻辑回归多变量分析以及卡方检验和费舍尔精确检验的单变量分析。总体而言，发现52.6%的犬（95%置信区间48.6 - 56.5）呈阳性，而39.6%的犬（95%置信区间35.8 - 43.5）感染了潜在人畜共患物种。婴儿利什曼原虫和匐行恶丝虫的患病率分别为2.5%（95%置信区间1.5 - 4.1）和2.8%（95%置信区间1.7 - 4.5）。心肺寄生虫的患病率为7.8%（95%置信区间5.9 - 10.3），包括血管圆线虫、嗜气欧氏线虫、波氏欧氏线虫和犬恶丝虫；后者的患病率为0.2%（95%置信区间0.001 - 1）。肠道寄生虫显著流行（38.8%，95%置信区间35 - 42.7），主要由主要人畜共患相关物种组成，包括钩虫、犬弓首蛔虫、十二指肠贾第虫、犬复孔绦虫、带科绦虫、粪类圆线虫和微小隐孢子虫。体内寄生虫在临床疑似犬中显著流行。婴儿利什曼原虫和心肺线虫在老年犬中流行，而肠道寄生虫在幼犬中流行。结果显示意大利中部犬舍存在较高的犬类和公共卫生风险，并表明需要采取更有效的控制措施。
