Morchón Rodrigo, Montoya-Alonso José Alberto, Rodríguez-Escolar Iván, Carretón Elena
Zoonotic Diseases and One Health Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Arucas, Arucas, 35413 Las Palmas, Spain.
Pathogens. 2022 Sep 13;11(9):1042. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11091042.
Heartworm disease caused by is a vector-borne disease that affects canids and felids, both domestic and wild, throughout the world. It is a chronic disease which causes vascular damage in pulmonary arteries, and in advanced stages, the presence of pulmonary hypertension and right-sided congestive heart failure can be evidenced. Moreover, pulmonary thromboembolism is caused by the death of the worms, which can be lethal for the infected animal. Furthermore, it is the causative agent of human pulmonary dirofilariosis, being a zoonotic disease. The aim of this review was to update the current epidemiological situation of heartworm in Europe in dogs, cats, wild animals, and vectors insects, and to analyse the factors that may have contributed to the continuous spread of the disease in the last decade (2012-2021). In Europe, the disease has extended to eastern countries, being currently endemic in countries where previously only isolated or imported cases were reported. Furthermore, its prevalence has continued to increase in southern countries, traditionally endemic. This distribution trends and changes are influenced by several factors which are discussed in this review, such as the climate changes, presence of vectors in new areas, the appearance of new competent vector species in the continent, increased movement of pets that travelled to or originated from endemic countries, the urbanisation of rural areas leading to the formation of so-called "heat islands", or the creation of extensive areas of irrigated crops. The continuous expansion of must be monitored, and measures adapted to the situation of each country must be carried out for adequate control.
由[病原体名称未给出]引起的犬心丝虫病是一种通过媒介传播的疾病，影响世界各地的家养和野生犬科动物及猫科动物。它是一种慢性疾病，会导致肺动脉血管损伤，在疾病晚期，可出现肺动脉高压和右心充血性心力衰竭。此外，虫体死亡会引发肺血栓栓塞，这对受感染动物可能是致命的。再者，它是人类肺恶丝虫病的病原体，属于人畜共患病。本综述的目的是更新欧洲犬、猫、野生动物和媒介昆虫中犬心丝虫病的当前流行病学情况，并分析在过去十年（2012 - 2021年）中可能导致该疾病持续传播的因素。在欧洲，该病已蔓延至东部国家，目前在一些以前仅报告过孤立病例或输入病例的国家呈地方流行。此外，在传统上为地方流行的南部国家，其患病率持续上升。本综述讨论了影响这种分布趋势和变化的几个因素，如气候变化、新区域媒介的出现、欧洲大陆新的有效媒介物种的出现、前往或来自地方流行国家的宠物流动增加、农村地区城市化导致所谓“热岛”的形成，或大面积灌溉作物的种植。必须监测[病原体名称未给出]的持续扩散情况，并针对每个国家的情况采取相应措施以进行充分控制。
