Inter-expert agreement and similarity analysis of traditional diagnoses and acupuncture prescriptions in textbook- and pragmatic-based practices.

This study examined (1) the agreement of acupuncture experts with textbook prescriptions and among themselves, and (2) the association between similar traditional diagnoses and textbook acupuncture prescriptions, examining whether pragmatic practice (i.e., modifying prescriptions according to personal clinical practice) alters such an association. A computational analysis quantified the diagnosis-prescription association from a textbook. Eight acupuncture experts were independently interviewed. Experts modified the textbook prescriptions according to their pragmatic practice. Experts mostly agreed (19-90%) or strongly agreed (0-29%) with the textbook prescriptions, with no-better-than-chance agreement on their ratings (Light's κ = 0.036, CI = [0.003; 0.081]). The number of manifestations in traditional diagnoses weakly explains the variability (Spearman's ρ = 0.260, p = 0.038) of the number of acupoints in prescriptions. The association between similar traditional diagnoses and acupuncture prescriptions is strong in the textbook (γ = 0.720, CI = [0.658, 0.783]), whereas pragmatic practice had little effect on this association (γ = 0.724-0.769).