De Vriendt Patricia, Cornelis Elise, Desmet Valerie, Vanbosseghem Ruben, Van de Velde Dominique
Department of Occupational Therapy and Department Nursing, Research group Innovation in Health Care, Artevelde University College, Ghent, Belgium.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Occupational therapy program, Ghent University, Ghent.
PLoS One. 2018 Feb 1;13(2):e0191440. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191440. eCollection 2018.
Professionals in dementia-care ought to be able to work within a Bio-Psycho-Social model. The objectives were to examine whether dementia-care is delivered in a Bio-Psycho-Social way, to explore the influencing factors and to evaluate the factorial validity of the 'Bio-Psycho-Social-Dementia-Care scale'.
413 healthcare-professionals completed the 'Bio-Psycho-Social-Dementia-Care scale'. Differences between groups (settings, professions, years of experience) were calculated with a student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. The facture structure of the scale was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis.
The factor-analysis confirmed the 5 subscale-structure (1) networking, (2) using the client's expertise, (3) assessment and reporting, (4) professional knowledge and skills and (5) using the environment. (No significant differences were found between professionals in residential care and community care for the subscales 'networking' and 'using the client's expertise'. Professionals in residential care score higher than community care for 'assessment and reporting' (p<0,05) and 'professional knowledge and skills' (p<0,01) but lower for 'using the environment' (p<0,001). The juniors score higher for 'professional knowledge' compared to seniors (p<0,01) and the seniors score better for 'professional experience' (p<0,01). The Cure and Care disciplines and the Therapy disciplines had higher values in 'assessment and reporting' compared to the Social Support disciplines (p<0,001 and p<0.001). The Therapy disciplines scored higher in 'using professional knowledge and skills' compared to the Social Support group (p 0.021) and the Cure and Care disciplines (p<0,001). The Social Support disciplines scored higher in 'using the environment' compared to the Therapy disciplines (p<0.001) and the Cure and care disciplines (p<0.001).
The Bio-Psycho-Social-Dementia-scale is a valid tool and offers opportunities not only to rate, but also to improve Bio-Psycho-Social functioning in dementia-care: increase interdisciplinary collaboration, facilitate assessment, combine the strengths of the different professions and install a heterogeneous team with regard to age and experience.
痴呆症护理专业人员应能够在生物 - 心理 - 社会模型下工作。本研究的目的是检验痴呆症护理是否以生物 - 心理 - 社会的方式提供，探索影响因素，并评估“生物 - 心理 - 社会 - 痴呆症护理量表”的因子效度。
413名医疗保健专业人员完成了“生物 - 心理 - 社会 - 痴呆症护理量表”。使用学生t检验和单因素方差分析计算不同组（工作环境、职业、工作年限）之间的差异。使用验证性因子分析评估量表的因子结构。
因子分析证实了该量表的5个分量表结构：（1）网络联系，（2）利用客户的专业知识，（3）评估与报告，（4）专业知识与技能，（5）利用环境。在“网络联系”和“利用客户的专业知识”分量表方面，住院护理和社区护理专业人员之间未发现显著差异。在“评估与报告”（p<0.05）和“专业知识与技能”（p<0.01）方面，住院护理专业人员得分高于社区护理专业人员，但在“利用环境”方面得分较低（p<0.001）。与年长者相比，年轻者在“专业知识”方面得分更高（p<0.01），而年长者在“专业经验”方面得分更高（p<0.01）。与社会支持学科相比，治疗与护理学科在“评估与报告”方面得分更高（p<0.001和p<0.001）。与社会支持组相比，治疗学科在“利用专业知识与技能”方面得分更高（p = 0.021），与治疗与护理学科相比也更高（p<0.001）。与治疗学科相比，社会支持学科在“利用环境”方面得分更高（p<0.001），与治疗与护理学科相比也更高（p<0.001）。
生物 - 心理 - 社会 - 痴呆症量表是一个有效的工具，不仅提供了评估机会，还为改善痴呆症护理中的生物 - 心理 - 社会功能提供了机会：增加跨学科合作、促进评估、整合不同专业的优势以及组建一个年龄和经验各异的团队。
