Ulusoy Bülent
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Turk Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Dec;53(4):173-182. doi: 10.5152/tao.2015.1014. Epub 2015 Dec 1.
Thyroid nodules are extremely common and are detected in 3%-7% of the general population by palpation and in 70% of the population by ultrasonography (USG). Approximately 5%-15% of these nodules are malignant. Therefore, in nodule examination, our primary aim is to detect malignant nodules. Besides the medical history and the findings of the physical examination, USG and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) are the most commonly used methods to examine these nodules. Ultrasound-guided FNAB and on-site assessment of FNA specimens are suggested to decrease false negative and non-diagnostic test results. FNAB results in the "atypia of undetermined significance" group is challenging in the follow-up or treatment of the nodule. In this group, to differentiate the malignant nodules, other developing methods, such as analyzing molecular genetic markers, protein markers, and elastography, are generally studied. However, these methods are not used in a routine nodule examination because of cost-benefit analysis.
甲状腺结节极为常见，触诊可在3% - 7%的普通人群中检测到，超声检查（USG）则可在70%的人群中检测到。这些结节中约5% - 15%为恶性。因此，在结节检查中，我们的主要目标是检测出恶性结节。除病史和体格检查结果外，USG和细针穿刺活检（FNAB）是检查这些结节最常用的方法。建议进行超声引导下的FNAB及FNA标本的现场评估，以减少假阴性和非诊断性检测结果。FNAB结果为“意义未明的不典型病变”组在结节的后续随访或治疗中具有挑战性。在这一组中，为鉴别恶性结节，通常会研究其他发展中的方法，如分析分子遗传标志物、蛋白质标志物和弹性成像等。然而，由于成本效益分析，这些方法未用于常规的结节检查。
