Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY.
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2019 Mar 30;21(4):489-496. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nty021.
Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) have very high prevalences of both cigarette smoking and pain, yet little is known about the relationship between smoking and pain for PLWH. This study examined the factor structure, reliability, and validity of a measure of perceived interrelations of pain and smoking in a sample of PLWH.
Participants in this study were 108 current cigarette smoking PLWH (64.8% reporting current pain) in the Bronx, NY. Participants completed assessments of demographics, smoking behaviors, and pain. Interrelations of pain and smoking were measured using the 9-item Pain and Smoking Inventory (PSI). The dimensionality of the PSI was evaluated using Horn's Parallel Analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, and validity analyses evaluated the relationship between the PSI and demographics, HIV clinical characteristics, smoking, and pain in the total sample.
A single-factor structure was the best fit for the PSI. The internal consistency of the PSI total score was excellent in the total sample (α = 0.94) and among participants with pain (α = 0.93). The PSI total score was significantly higher for PLWH who smoke and had current pain versus no current pain. Among smokers with HIV and pain, higher PSI scores were associated with higher pain interference, pain severity, and certain neuropathic pain symptoms (ie, numbness and pain to touch).
Among a sample of PLWH, the PSI appeared to be a reliable and valid instrument as a one-factor measure to assess perceived interrelations among pain and cigarette smoking.
Even though PLWH have very high prevalences of both pain and cigarette smoking, little is known about the relationship between pain and smoking for PLWH. This study is the first to examine a measure of the perceived interrelations of pain and smoking in a sample of PLWH. The measure was reliable and valid, and higher scores, reflecting that higher perceived interrelations of pain and smoking, were associated with more intense pain and pain interference. Learning more about pain and smoking among PLWH will help to better target smoking interventions to this key subgroup of smokers.
艾滋病毒/艾滋病（HIV/AIDS）感染者（PLWH）的吸烟和疼痛发生率均非常高，但对于 PLWH 中吸烟与疼痛之间的关系知之甚少。本研究在一组 PLWH 中检验了一种感知疼痛与吸烟之间相互关系的测量方法的结构因素、信度和效度。
本研究的参与者是纽约布朗克斯的 108 名当前吸烟的 PLWH（64.8%报告当前有疼痛）。参与者完成了人口统计学、吸烟行为和疼痛评估。疼痛和吸烟之间的相互关系使用 9 项疼痛和吸烟清单（PSI）进行测量。使用 Horn 的平行分析和探索性因素分析评估 PSI 的维度结构。使用 Cronbach 的 alpha 评估内部一致性，使用验证分析评估 PSI 与总样本中的人口统计学、HIV 临床特征、吸烟和疼痛之间的关系。
PSI 的单因素结构是最佳拟合。PSI 总分在总样本中（α=0.94）和有疼痛的参与者中（α=0.93）具有极好的内部一致性。与没有当前疼痛的 PLWH 相比，当前吸烟且有疼痛的 PLWH 的 PSI 总分更高。在患有 HIV 和疼痛的吸烟者中，PSI 评分越高，疼痛干扰、疼痛严重程度和某些神经病理性疼痛症状（即麻木和触痛）越高。
在一组 PLWH 中，PSI 似乎是一种可靠且有效的工具，可作为一种单因素测量方法，用于评估疼痛和吸烟之间的感知关系。
尽管 PLWH 的疼痛和吸烟率都非常高，但对于 PLWH 中疼痛和吸烟之间的关系知之甚少。本研究首次在一组 PLWH 中检验了一种感知疼痛与吸烟之间相互关系的测量方法。该测量方法可靠且有效，较高的分数反映出疼痛和吸烟之间更高的感知关系，与更强烈的疼痛和疼痛干扰有关。更多地了解 PLWH 中的疼痛和吸烟情况将有助于更好地针对这一关键亚组吸烟者进行吸烟干预。
