Venkataraman Rohini, Kamaluddeen Majeeda, Amin Harish, Lodha Abhay
Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Correspondence to: Dr Abhay Lodha, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Foothills Medical Centre, Room C211, 29 Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada.
Indian Pediatr. 2018 Jan 15;55(1):17-21.
In utero sensory stimuli and interaction with the environment strongly influence early phases of fetal and infant development. Extremely premature infants are subjected to noxious procedures and routine monitoring, in addition to exposure to excessive light and noise, which disturb the natural sleep cycle and induce stress. Non-invasive ventilation, measures to prevent sepsis, and human milk feeding improve short-term and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in premature infants. To preserve brain function, and to improve quality of life and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes, the focus now is on the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) environment and its impact on the infant during hospital stay. The objectives of this write-up are to understand the effects of environmental factors, including lighting and noise in the NICU, on sensory development of the infant, the need to decrease parental and caregiver stress, and to review existing literature, local policies and recommendations.
子宫内的感觉刺激以及与环境的相互作用会强烈影响胎儿和婴儿发育的早期阶段。除了暴露于过多的光线和噪音中（这会干扰自然睡眠周期并诱发压力）之外，极早产儿还要接受有害程序和常规监测。无创通气、预防败血症的措施以及母乳喂养可改善早产儿的短期和长期神经发育结局。为了保护脑功能，并改善生活质量和长期神经发育结局，目前的重点是新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的环境及其在住院期间对婴儿的影响。本文的目的是了解包括NICU中的光照和噪音在内的环境因素对婴儿感觉发育的影响、减轻父母和护理人员压力的必要性，并回顾现有文献、当地政策和建议。
