AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand; School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
School of Science, The University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
J Dairy Sci. 2018 Apr;101(4):3193-3204. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13507. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
Cautery disbudding of goat kids is painful, but may be alleviated with pain mitigation. We therefore evaluated the effect of administering general anesthesia (isoflurane) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (meloxicam) on goat kid behavior and physiology following cautery disbudding. Trial 1 (n = 12/treatment) evaluated behavioral responses in 72 female Saanen dairy goat kids (mean ± standard error of the mean; 3.9 ± 0.15 d old) and trial 2 (n = 10/treatment) evaluated physiological responses in 60 female Saanen dairy goat kids (4.3 ± 0.14 d old). Goat kids were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 treatment groups that were either (1) sham-handled only (simulated disbudding; SHAM) or disbudded with (2) no pain relief (CAUT), (3) isoflurane gas (ISO), (4) isoflurane and s.c. meloxicam combined (ISO+MEL), (5) meloxicam s.c. (0.5 mg/kg of body weight; I-MEL), or (6) oral meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg of body weight; O-MEL). Head shaking, head scratching, self-grooming, feeding, and body shaking were continuously video recorded for 24 h pre- and post-treatment. Lying behavior was recorded continuously for 24 h pre- and post-treatment using accelerometers. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations were measured from blood samples collected immediately before treatment (baseline) and at 15, 60, and 120 min post-treatment. Body temperature was measured immediately after blood sampling at all blood sampling time points. Head shaking and body shaking frequencies were 50% higher in CAUT than SHAM kids 5 min post-treatment; ISO+MEL and ISO kids performed 25% less body shakes than CAUT kids. Head scratching durations 1 h post-treatment were higher in CAUT than SHAM kids, whereas O-MEL were similar to SHAM kids from 2 h post-treatment. Self-grooming, feeding, and lying did not differ between groups. Cortisol concentrations were higher in CAUT than SHAM kids (156.4 ± 26.41 and 104.1 ± 26.41 nmol/L, respectively), whereas ISO+MEL and ISO kids (88.3 ± 26.41 and 113.2 ± 26.41 nmol/L, respectively) had lower cortisol concentrations than CAUT kids over the 2-h sampling period. Moreover, O-MEL and I-MEL kids (163.0 ± 26.41 and 130.9 ± 26.41 nmol/L, respectively) had similar cortisol concentrations to CAUT kids. We found no evidence that plasma glucose and lactate concentrations or body temperature were affected by treatment. The administration of isoflurane, with or without meloxicam, appeared to reduce pain associated with cautery disbudding.
烧烙去角术对山羊幼崽是痛苦的，但可以通过减轻疼痛来缓解。因此，我们评估了给予全身麻醉（异氟烷）或非甾体抗炎药（美洛昔康）对山羊幼崽去角术后行为和生理的影响。试验 1（n = 12/治疗）评估了 72 只雌性 Saanen 奶山羊幼崽（平均±均值的标准误差；3.9 ± 0.15 日龄）的行为反应，试验 2（n = 10/治疗）评估了 60 只雌性 Saanen 奶山羊幼崽（4.3 ± 0.14 日龄）的生理反应。山羊幼崽被随机分配到 6 个治疗组中的 1 个，这些组要么（1）仅进行假处理（模拟去角；SHAM），要么（2）不进行疼痛缓解（CAUT），（3）异氟烷气体（ISO），（4）异氟烷和皮下注射美洛昔康（ISO+MEL），（5）皮下注射美洛昔康（0.5mg/kg 体重；I-MEL），或（6）口服美洛昔康（0.2mg/kg 体重；O-MEL）。在治疗前（基线）和治疗后 24 小时内，连续视频记录头部晃动、头部搔抓、自我梳理、进食和身体抖动情况。使用加速度计连续记录 24 小时的躺卧行为。在治疗前（基线）和治疗后 15、60 和 120 分钟时，从采集的血液样本中测量皮质醇、葡萄糖和乳酸浓度。在所有血液采样时间点，在采血后立即测量体温。CAUT 幼崽在治疗后 5 分钟时的头部晃动和身体晃动频率比 SHAM 幼崽高 50%；ISO+MEL 和 ISO 幼崽的身体晃动次数比 CAUT 幼崽少 25%。CAUT 幼崽在治疗后 1 小时的头部搔抓时间比 SHAM 幼崽长，而 O-MEL 幼崽在治疗后 2 小时与 SHAM 幼崽相似。自我梳理、进食和躺卧行为在各组之间没有差异。皮质醇浓度在 CAUT 幼崽中高于 SHAM 幼崽（分别为 156.4 ± 26.41 和 104.1 ± 26.41 nmol/L），而 ISO+MEL 和 ISO 幼崽（分别为 88.3 ± 26.41 和 113.2 ± 26.41 nmol/L）在 2 小时的采样期间皮质醇浓度低于 CAUT 幼崽。此外，O-MEL 和 I-MEL 幼崽（分别为 163.0 ± 26.41 和 130.9 ± 26.41 nmol/L）的皮质醇浓度与 CAUT 幼崽相似。我们没有发现血浆葡萄糖和乳酸浓度或体温受到治疗的影响。给予异氟烷，无论是否联合美洛昔康，似乎都能减轻与烧烙去角相关的疼痛。
