Institute of Emerging Health Professions, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Huestis & Smith Toxicology LLC, Severna Park, MD, USA.
Huestis & Smith Toxicology LLC, Severna Park, MD, USA.
Trends Mol Med. 2018 Feb;24(2):156-172. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.006.
Understanding cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid intake history is vital for treating drug dependence, investigating cannabinoid effects, and providing information to healthcare personnel, medical examiners, and public health officials; this is particularly relevant today with cannabis medicalization and legalization. Required information includes identifying exposure, time of use, frequency of use, relapse, withdrawal, and predicting cannabinoid effects. Recent controlled cannabinoid administration studies enable the development of models and markers to better identify patterns of intake and exposure. Future challenges include developing behavioral markers of cannabis impairment, bringing to market breathalyzers for cannabinoid detection, and identifying markers of recent cannabis intake in diverse biological matrices. We posit that biological monitoring of cannabinoids and metabolites will improve the characterization of cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid intake history.
了解大麻和合成大麻素的摄入史对于治疗药物依赖、研究大麻素的作用以及向医疗保健人员、法医和公共卫生官员提供信息至关重要；随着大麻的药用和合法化，这一点尤其重要。所需信息包括确定暴露、使用时间、使用频率、复发、戒断和预测大麻素的作用。最近的受控大麻素给药研究使建立模型和标志物成为可能，以更好地识别摄入和暴露的模式。未来的挑战包括开发大麻损伤的行为标志物，将大麻素检测的呼气分析仪推向市场，以及在不同的生物基质中识别最近摄入大麻的标志物。我们认为，大麻素和代谢物的生物监测将改善大麻和合成大麻素摄入史的特征描述。
