Department of Neurology.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Curr Opin Crit Care. 2018 Apr;24(2):80-90. doi: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000483.
We describe clinical and diagnostic features of various autoimmune and viral encephalitis subtypes.
Population-based studies have demonstrated both autoimmune and viral causes have similar prevalence and incident rates. Repertoire of autoimmune biomarkers has considerably increased with discovery of many novel neural antibodies including glial fibrillary acidic proteinα-immunoglobulin G. Similarly, with use of next generation sequencing and DNA libraries, many viral causes are being detected which would have been categorized as encephalitis of unknown cause a decade ago.
Autoimmune and viral encephalitides can resemble one another and sometimes autoimmune encephalitis may be triggered by viral infections. Early diagnosis and treatment is the key to both causes, which emphasizes the importance of clinical diagnosis before laboratory confirmation.
我们描述了各种自身免疫性和病毒性脑炎亚型的临床和诊断特征。
基于人群的研究表明，自身免疫性和病毒性病因的患病率和发病率相似。随着许多新型神经抗体的发现，包括神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白α-免疫球蛋白 G，自身免疫生物标志物的范围有了相当大的增加。同样，随着下一代测序和 DNA 文库的使用，许多病毒病因也被检测到，这在十年前可能被归类为原因不明的脑炎。
自身免疫性和病毒性脑炎可能相似，有时自身免疫性脑炎可能由病毒感染引发。早期诊断和治疗是两种病因的关键，这强调了在实验室确认之前进行临床诊断的重要性。
