Houck M R, Hoffman J E
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 1986 May;12(2):186-99. doi: 10.1037//0096-1523.12.2.186.
According to feature-integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980), separable features such as color and shape exist in separate maps in preattentive vision and can be integrated only through the use of spatial attention. Many perceptual aftereffects, however, which are also assumed to reflect the features available in preattentive vision, are sensitive to conjunctions of features. One possible resolution of these views holds that adaptation to conjunctions depends on spatial attention. We tested this proposition by presenting observers with gratings varying in color and orientation. The resulting McCollough aftereffects were independent of whether the adaptation stimuli were presented inside or outside of the focus of spatial attention. Therefore, color and shape appear to be conjoined preattentively, when perceptual aftereffects are used as the measure. These same stimuli, however, appeared to be separable in two additional experiments that required observers to search for gratings of a specified color and orientation. These results show that different experimental procedures may be tapping into different stages of preattentive vision.
根据特征整合理论（特雷斯曼和吉拉德，1980年），诸如颜色和形状等可分离特征在预注意视觉中存在于不同的地图中，并且只有通过空间注意的使用才能整合。然而，许多也被认为反映预注意视觉中可用特征的知觉后效对特征的结合很敏感。这些观点的一种可能的解决方案认为，对结合的适应取决于空间注意。我们通过向观察者呈现颜色和方向不同的光栅来测试这一命题。由此产生的麦卡洛后效与适应刺激是呈现在空间注意焦点之内还是之外无关。因此，当使用知觉后效作为测量方法时，颜色和形状似乎在预注意阶段就结合在一起了。然而，在另外两个要求观察者寻找特定颜色和方向的光栅的实验中，这些相同的刺激似乎是可分离的。这些结果表明，不同的实验程序可能涉及预注意视觉的不同阶段。
