Center for Systems and Control, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Center for Polymer Studies, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Center for Systems and Control, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Chair of Systems Design, ETH Zürich, Weinbergstrasse 56/58, Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland.
J Theor Biol. 2018 Apr 7;442:149-157. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.01.021. Epub 2018 Jan 25.
Interactive identity and interactive diversity are generally regarded as two typical interaction patterns in living systems. The former describes that in each generation every individual behaves identically to all of its opponents, and the latter allows each individual to behave diversely to its distinct opponents. Most traditional research on the evolution of cooperation, however, has been confined to populations with a uniform interaction pattern. Here we study the cooperation conundrum in a diverse population comprising players with interactive identity and with interactive diversity. We find that in homogeneous networks a small fraction of players taking interactive diversity are enough to stabilize cooperation for a wide range of payoff values even in a noisy environment. When assigned to heterogeneous networks, players in high-degree nodes taking interactive diversity significantly strengthen systems' resilience against the shifty environment and enlarge the survival region of cooperation. However, they fail to establish a homogeneous strategy 'cloud' in the neighborhood and thus can not coordinate players in low-degree nodes to reach a socially optimal cooperation level. The most favorable outcome emerges when players in high-degree nodes take interactive identity and meanwhile others adopt interactive diversity. Our findings reveal the significance of the two typical interaction patterns and could be a good heuristic in coordinating them to achieve the social optimum in cooperation.
互动同一性和互动多样性通常被视为生命系统中的两种典型互动模式。前者描述了在每一代中，每个个体与所有对手的行为完全相同，而后者允许每个个体与其不同的对手表现出不同的行为。然而，大多数关于合作进化的传统研究都局限于具有统一互动模式的种群。在这里，我们研究了由具有互动同一性和互动多样性的个体组成的多样化种群中的合作难题。我们发现，在同质网络中，只要有一小部分采取互动多样性的个体，即使在嘈杂的环境中，也足以稳定合作，适应广泛的收益值。当被分配到异质网络时，采取互动多样性的高度数节点中的个体显著增强了系统对变化环境的恢复力，并扩大了合作的生存区域。然而，它们未能在邻居中建立一个同质策略“云”，因此无法协调低度数节点中的个体达到社会最优的合作水平。当高度数节点中的个体采取互动同一性，同时其他个体采取互动多样性时，会出现最有利的结果。我们的发现揭示了这两种典型互动模式的重要性，并为协调它们以实现合作的社会最优提供了一个很好的启发。
