Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, National Taiwan Normal University, 10610 Taipei, Taiwan.
Jyväskylä Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain Research, Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Neuropsychologia. 2018 Mar;111:85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.034. Epub 2018 Feb 4.
Prediction and attention are fundamental brain functions in the service of perception. Interestingly, previous investigations found prediction effects independent of attention in some cases but attention-dependent in other cases. The discrepancy might be related to whether the prediction effect was revealed by comparing mispredicted event (where there is incorrect prediction) or unpredicted event (where there is no precise prediction) against predicted event, which are associated with different precision-weighted prediction error. Here we conducted a joint analysis on four published electroencephalography (EEG) datasets which allow for proper dissociation of mispredicted and unpredicted conditions when there was orthogonal manipulation of prediction and attention. We found that the mispredicted-versus-predicted contrast revealed an attention-independent effect of prediction suppression, whereas the unpredicted-versus-predicted contrast revealed a prediction effect that was reversed by attention on auditory N1. The results suggest that mispredicted and unpredicted processing interact with attention in distinct manners.
预测和注意是感知服务的基本大脑功能。有趣的是，之前的研究发现，在某些情况下，预测效应独立于注意，而在其他情况下则依赖于注意。这种差异可能与预测效应是通过将错误预测的事件（存在不正确的预测）与未预测的事件（没有精确预测）与预测的事件进行比较来揭示有关，这与不同的精度加权预测误差有关。在这里，我们对四个已发表的脑电图 (EEG) 数据集进行了联合分析，这些数据集允许在预测和注意的正交操作时对错误预测和未预测的条件进行适当的分离。我们发现，与预测的对比揭示了预测抑制的一种与注意无关的效应，而与预测的对比揭示了一种在听觉 N1 上被注意逆转的预测效应。结果表明，错误预测和未预测的处理与注意以不同的方式相互作用。
