Birmingham Business School, Department of Economics, University of Birmingham and The Alan Turing Institute, JG Smith Building, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK and 96 Euston Rd, Kings Cross, London, NW1 2DB, UK.
Department of Economics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
J Health Econ. 2018 Mar;58:10-17. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.12.006. Epub 2018 Jan 8.
Using ultrasound scan data from paediatric hospitals, and the exogenous 'shock' of learning the gender of an unborn baby, the paper documents the first causal evidence that offspring gender affects adult risk-aversion. On a standard Holt-Laury criterion, parents of daughters, whether unborn or recently born, become almost twice as risk-averse as parents of sons. The study demonstrates this in longitudinal and cross-sectional data, for fathers and mothers, for babies in the womb and new-born children, and in a West European nation and East European nation. These findings may eventually aid our understanding of risky health behaviors and gender inequalities.
利用儿科医院的超声扫描数据，以及学习未出生婴儿性别的外生“冲击”，本文首次提供了因果证据，表明后代性别会影响成人的风险规避倾向。根据霍尔特-劳里（Holt-Laury）标准，无论女儿是未出生还是刚刚出生，其父母的风险规避程度几乎是儿子父母的两倍。本研究通过纵向和横断面数据，针对父亲和母亲、子宫内的婴儿和新生儿，以及一个西欧国家和一个东欧国家，证明了这一点。这些发现最终可能有助于我们理解危险的健康行为和性别不平等。
