Church Melanie L, Priehs Daniel R, Denis Heidi, Croft Lara, DiRocco Stacy, Davis Michelle
Animal Eye Associates, Maitland, FL, USA.
SeaWorld, Orlando, FL, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2018 Nov;21(6):612-621. doi: 10.1111/vop.12555. Epub 2018 Feb 6.
To describe surgical technique, postoperative complications, and visual outcome in penguins after phacoemulsification lens extraction surgery.
Twenty-one penguins (27 eyes) that had phacoemulsification from 2011 to 2015 at Animal Eye Associates. Species included are as follows: 14 southern Rockhopper (18 eyes, 66.6%), 4 Gentoo (4 eyes, 19%), 2 King (3 eyes, 9.5%), and 1 Chinstrap penguin (2 eyes, 4.8%). Eleven of the penguins were females, and 10 were males with average age at the time of surgery being 27.5 years (range of 22-31 years).
This is a retrospective study of phacoemulsification cataract surgery patients from 2011 to 2015. Visual outcome was evaluated by veterinary ophthalmologists at postoperative recheck examinations and subjectively by penguin keepers using individual bird surveys and paired t tests for statistical analysis.
All eyes were functionally visual after surgery and at the time of last follow-up. Based on keeper surveys, 81% (17/21) of penguins showed immediate improvements in overall quality of life and 90% (19/21) of penguins exhibited improvement in mobility and behavior within their exhibit following cataract removal. Of the 14 penguins that received 1:5 intracameral atracurium during surgery, 10 (71.4%) had moderate mydriasis, 1 (7.1%) had minimal mydriasis, and 3 (21.4%) showed no effect to the pupil. Seventy percent of the cases had phacoemulsification times less than 60 seconds/eye; the mean time was 72 seconds. Sixteen eyes (59.3%) underwent anterior capsulotomy only, planned anterior and posterior capsulotomies were performed in 3 eyes (11.1%), and the entire lens capsule was removed due to capsular fibrosis and wrinkling in 8 eyes (29.6%). The most common short-term postoperative complication was temporary mild blepharospasm and/or epiphora, reported in 8 eyes (29.6%) from 7 penguins (33.3%). Long-term complications, 2-6 years postoperatively, included posterior synechiation resulting in dyscoria (10 of 24 eyes, 41.7%) and capsular fibrosis in all penguins with residual lens capsule (19/19, 100%).
The prognosis for vision and behavioral improvement after phacoemulsification surgery in penguins is good, with low incidence of vision-threatening complications.
描述企鹅白内障超声乳化晶状体摘除术后的手术技术、术后并发症及视力结果。
2011年至2015年在动物眼科协会接受白内障超声乳化手术的21只企鹅（27只眼）。包括的物种如下：14只南跳岩企鹅（18只眼，66.6%）、4只巴布亚企鹅（4只眼，19%）、2只帝企鹅（3只眼，9.5%）和1只帽带企鹅（2只眼，4.8%）。其中11只企鹅为雌性，10只为雄性，手术时的平均年龄为27.5岁（范围为22 - 31岁）。
这是一项对2011年至2015年白内障超声乳化手术患者的回顾性研究。术后复查时由兽医眼科医生评估视力结果，企鹅饲养员通过个体鸟类调查主观评估，并采用配对t检验进行统计分析。
所有眼睛在术后及最后一次随访时功能上均有视力。根据饲养员调查，81%（17/21）的企鹅整体生活质量立即得到改善，90%（19/21）的企鹅在摘除白内障后在其展区内的活动能力和行为表现有所改善。在手术期间接受1:5前房注射阿曲库铵的14只企鹅中，10只（71.4%）有中度散瞳，1只（7.1%）有轻度散瞳，3只（21.4%）对瞳孔无影响。70%的病例超声乳化时间少于60秒/眼；平均时间为72秒。16只眼（59.3%）仅进行了前囊切开术，3只眼（11.1%）计划进行前后囊切开术，8只眼（29.6%）因囊膜纤维化和皱缩而切除了整个晶状体囊膜。最常见的短期术后并发症是暂时性轻度眼睑痉挛和/或流泪，7只企鹅（33.3%）的8只眼（29.6%）出现该症状。术后2 - 6年的长期并发症包括后粘连导致瞳孔异常（24只眼中的10只，41.7%）以及所有残留晶状体囊膜的企鹅出现囊膜纤维化（19/19，100%）。
企鹅白内障超声乳化手术后视力和行为改善的预后良好，威胁视力的并发症发生率低。
