Moral E, Delgado J L, Carmona F, Caballero B, Guillán C, González P M, Suárez-Almarza J, Velasco-Ortega S, Nieto C
a Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología , Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra , Pontevedra , Spain.
b Consulta de Ginecología Dr. Juan Luis Delgado , Murcia , Spain.
Climacteric. 2018 Apr;21(2):167-173. doi: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1421921. Epub 2018 Feb 7.
To determine the prevalence of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) and urogynecological conditions associated with menopause, and to evaluate the impact of GSM on quality of life in a cohort of Spanish postmenopausal women.
Multicenter, cross-sectional, and observational study involving 430 women.
The prevalence of GSM was 70%. GSM was diagnosed in 60.2% of women with no known diagnosis of vulvovaginal atrophy or GSM. Most prevalent symptoms were vaginal dryness (93.3%) and reduced lubrication with sexual activity (90.0%). Most prevalent signs were decreased moisture (93.7%) and loss of vaginal rugae (78.4%). GSM was significantly associated with stress or mixed urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and vaginal prolapse. Symptoms showed a low-moderate impact on quality of life, mainly in sexual functioning and self-concept and body image.
The GSM is very prevalent in Spanish postmenopausal women, affecting up to 70% of those consulting the gynecologist. Despite the high prevalence of symptoms and signs and its impact on the women's well-being, GSM remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. Given its relationship with urogynecological conditions, it seems necessary to provide an adequate evaluation of postmenopausal women for identifying potential co-morbidities and providing most adequate treatments. An adequate management of GSM will contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of these women.
确定绝经后泌尿生殖综合征（GSM）及与绝经相关的泌尿妇科疾病的患病率，并评估GSM对一组西班牙绝经后女性生活质量的影响。
一项涉及430名女性的多中心、横断面观察性研究。
GSM的患病率为70%。在60.2%未确诊外阴阴道萎缩或GSM的女性中诊断出GSM。最常见的症状是阴道干燥（93.3%）和性活动时润滑减少（90.0%）。最常见的体征是水分减少（93.7%）和阴道皱襞消失（78.4%）。GSM与压力性或混合性尿失禁、膀胱过度活动症和阴道脱垂显著相关。症状对生活质量有低至中度的影响，主要体现在性功能、自我概念和身体形象方面。
GSM在西班牙绝经后女性中非常普遍，在咨询妇科医生的女性中高达70%受其影响。尽管症状和体征的患病率很高且对女性健康有影响，但GSM仍未得到充分诊断和治疗。鉴于其与泌尿妇科疾病的关系，似乎有必要对绝经后女性进行充分评估，以识别潜在的合并症并提供最适当的治疗。对GSM进行适当管理将有助于改善这些女性的生活质量。
