1 Life Paths Appalachian Research Center, Monteagle, TN, USA.
2 University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2018 Mar;33(5):719-739. doi: 10.1177/0886260517744847.
For many years, an overly "siloed" approach has hampered efforts to understand violence and minimize the societal burden of violence and victimization. This article discusses the limitations of an overly specialized approach to youth violence research, which has focused too much on violence in particular contexts, such as the family or the school. Instead, a child-centered approach is needed that comprehensively assesses all exposures to violence. This concept of the total cumulative burden of violence is known as poly-victimization. The poly-victimization framework reveals that many youth are entangled in a web of violence, experiencing victimization in multiple settings by multiple perpetrators. This more accurate view of children's exposure to violence has many advantages for advancing our scientific understanding of violence. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, this more comprehensive view also points to new insights for resilience and prevention. This includes recognizing a parallel concept, "poly-strengths," which captures the number of resources and assets children and their families can use to help insulate youth from violence (prevention) or assist in coping and promoting well-being after victimization (intervention). Reconceptualizing how resilience is defined and understood among youth populations can help alleviate the true societal burden of youth victimization.
多年来，过于“孤立”的方法阻碍了人们对暴力的理解，也无法减轻暴力和受害给社会带来的负担。本文讨论了将青年暴力研究过分专业化的方法的局限性，这种方法过于关注特定环境中的暴力，例如家庭或学校。相反，需要采取一种以儿童为中心的方法，全面评估所有暴力暴露情况。这种对暴力的全面累积负担的概念被称为多受害者化。多受害者化框架表明，许多青少年陷入了暴力的网络中，他们在多个环境中受到多个施害者的侵害。这种对儿童遭受暴力的更准确看法，对我们深入了解暴力有很多好处。也许有点令人惊讶的是，这种更全面的观点也为韧性和预防提供了新的见解。这包括认识到一个类似的概念，即“多优势”，它捕捉了儿童及其家庭可以用来帮助青少年免受暴力侵害（预防）或帮助应对和促进受害后幸福感（干预）的资源和资产数量。重新定义青年人群体中的韧性的定义和理解，可以帮助减轻青年受害的真正社会负担。
