Life Paths Research Center and Department of Psychology, University of the South, Sewanee, TN, USA.
Crimes Against Children Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2020 May-Jun;21(3):376-395. doi: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1719261. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Although it is well known that victimization is associated with higher trauma symptoms, there is still limited information on the protective factors that can help people thrive after adversity. Using the Resilience Portfolio Model as a framework, this study explores a range of psychological and social strengths in a community sample of youth from the southern U.S.A sample of 440 youth aged 10 to 21 (average age 16.38, SD = 3.04) was recruited from youth-serving organizations. They completed a survey on trauma symptoms, victimization, other adversities, and 16 psychological and social strengths.Almost 9 in 10 (89.3%) youth reported one or more victimizations, with peer victimizations most common. Adult-perpetrated offenses were reported by almost half of youth (47.1%). Although several psychological and social strengths were inversely correlated with trauma symptoms at the bivariate level, hierarchical regressions indicated that a sense of purpose was the only strength that uniquely contributed to more resilient mental health in a model with all strengths and controlling for victimization, other adversities, poverty, age, and gender (total R = .33). The variance explained by strengths (17%) was similar to the variance explained by adversities (15%).In this highly victimized sample of youth, many strengths were associated with lower trauma symptoms for youth, with a sense of purpose showing the most promise. Prevention and intervention programs may benefit from efforts to increase a sense of purpose or other meaning making activities, in addition to efforts that specifically target incidents of trauma.
虽然众所周知，受害与更高的创伤症状有关，但关于可以帮助人们在逆境中茁壮成长的保护因素的信息仍然有限。本研究以弹性投资组合模型为框架，探讨了美国南部社区青年样本中的一系列心理和社会优势，该样本包括 440 名 10 至 21 岁（平均年龄 16.38，标准差= 3.04）的青年，他们从青年服务组织中招募而来。他们完成了一份关于创伤症状、受害、其他逆境和 16 种心理和社会优势的调查。近十分之九（89.3%）的青年报告了一种或多种受害情况，其中同伴受害最为常见。近一半的青年报告了成人犯罪（47.1%）。尽管在双变量水平上，几种心理和社会优势与创伤症状呈负相关，但分层回归表明，在包括所有优势并控制受害、其他逆境、贫困、年龄和性别因素的模型中，目标感是唯一一种与更具弹性的心理健康相关的优势（总 R=0.33）。优势解释的方差（17%）与逆境解释的方差（15%）相似。在这个受害严重的青年样本中，许多优势与青年的创伤症状呈负相关，其中目标感最有希望。预防和干预计划可能受益于增加目标感或其他意义制造活动的努力，除了专门针对创伤事件的努力。
