Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd, Saint Louis, MO 63104, United States.
Peptides. 2018 Feb;100:54-60. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.12.001.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by selective loss of beta cells and insulin secretion, which significantly impact glucose homeostasis. However, this progressive disease is also associated with dysfunction of the alpha cell component of the islet, which can exacerbate hyperglycemia due to paradoxical hyperglucagonemia or lead to severe hypoglycemia as a result of failed counterregulation. In this review, the physiology of alpha cell secretion and the potential mechanisms underlying alpha cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes will be explored. Because type 1 diabetes is a progressive disease, a synthesized timeline of aberrant alpha cell function will be presented as an attempt to delineate the natural history of type 1 diabetes with respect to the alpha cell.
1 型糖尿病的特征是β细胞选择性丧失和胰岛素分泌受损，这会显著影响葡萄糖稳态。然而，这种进行性疾病也与胰岛α细胞成分的功能障碍有关，这可能会导致高血糖恶化，因为反常性高血糖素血症，或者由于未能进行对抗调节而导致严重的低血糖。在这篇综述中，将探讨α细胞分泌的生理学以及 1 型糖尿病中α细胞功能障碍的潜在机制。由于 1 型糖尿病是一种进行性疾病，将呈现一个综合的α细胞功能异常时间表，试图描绘 1 型糖尿病的自然史与α细胞有关。
