Horie Ichiro, Abiru Norio
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan.
Medical Health Examination Center, Midori Clinic, 32-20 Joei-Machi, Nagasaki, 852-8034 Japan.
Diabetol Int. 2024 Mar 23;15(3):353-361. doi: 10.1007/s13340-024-00705-w. eCollection 2024 Jul.
We are now celebrating the 100th anniversary of the discovery of an important pancreatic hormone, glucagon. Glucagon is historically described as a diabetogenic hormone elevating glucose levels via increases in insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The more recently identified actions of glucagon include not only its pathophysiologic effects on glucose metabolism but also its significant roles in amino-acid metabolism in the liver. The possibility that abnormalities in α-cells' secretion of glucagon in metabolic disorders are a compensatory adaptation for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is another current issue. However, the clinical research concerning glucagon has been considerably behind the advances in basic research due to the lack of suitable methodology for obtaining precise measurements of plasma glucagon levels in humans. The precise physiology of glucagon secretory dynamics in individuals with metabolic dysfunction (including diabetes) has been clarified since the development in 2014 of a quantitative measurement technique for glucagon. In this review, we summarize the advances in the clinical research concerning glucagon, including those of our studies and the relevant literature.
我们正在庆祝一种重要的胰腺激素——胰高血糖素被发现100周年。从历史上看，胰高血糖素被描述为一种致糖尿病激素，它通过增加胰岛素抵抗和肝糖异生作用来提高血糖水平。最近发现的胰高血糖素的作用不仅包括其对葡萄糖代谢的病理生理影响，还包括其在肝脏氨基酸代谢中的重要作用。代谢紊乱时α细胞分泌胰高血糖素异常是维持代谢稳态的一种代偿性适应，这也是当前的一个问题。然而，由于缺乏在人体中精确测量血浆胰高血糖素水平的合适方法，关于胰高血糖素的临床研究在很大程度上落后于基础研究的进展。自2014年开发出胰高血糖素定量测量技术以来，代谢功能障碍（包括糖尿病）个体中胰高血糖素分泌动力学的确切生理学已得到阐明。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于胰高血糖素的临床研究进展，包括我们的研究及相关文献的进展。
