Hou Haitong, Cooper Julia Promisel
Telomere Biology Section, LBMB, NCI, NIH, Building 37, Room 6050, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Telomere Biology Section, LBMB, NCI, NIH, Building 37, Room 6050, Bethesda MD 20892, USA.
Differentiation. 2018 Mar-Apr;100:12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2018.01.002. Epub 2018 Jan 31.
The consequences of telomere loss or dysfunction become most prominent when cells enter the nuclear division stage of the cell cycle. At this climactic stage when chromosome segregation occurs, telomere fusions or entanglements can lead to chromosome breakage, wreaking havoc on genome stability. Here we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms of detangling and breaking telomere associations at mitosis, as well as the unique ways in which telomeres are processed to allow regulated sister telomere separation. Moreover, we discuss unexpected roles for telomeres in orchestrating nuclear envelope breakdown and spindle formation, crucial processes for nuclear division. Finally, we discuss the discovery that telomeres create microdomains in the nucleus that are conducive to centromere assembly, cementing the unexpectedly influential role of telomeres in mitosis.
当细胞进入细胞周期的核分裂阶段时，端粒丢失或功能障碍的后果变得最为突出。在这个发生染色体分离的高潮阶段，端粒融合或缠结会导致染色体断裂，对基因组稳定性造成严重破坏。在这里，我们综述了近期在理解有丝分裂中端粒解缠结和断裂机制方面的进展，以及端粒被处理以实现姐妹端粒有序分离的独特方式。此外，我们讨论了端粒在协调核膜破裂和纺锤体形成（核分裂的关键过程）中所起的意想不到的作用。最后，我们讨论了一项发现，即端粒在细胞核中形成有利于着丝粒组装的微结构域，这巩固了端粒在有丝分裂中出人意料的重要作用。
